Content-Disposition: inline; filename="url27471_0.html" Content-Length: 525087 Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary Content-Type: text/html; name="url27471_0.html" Pages 1--267 from NV317.PDF Document Body Page Navigation Panel

Pages 1--267 from NV317.PDF


Page 1 2
Test: ANTLER
Date: 09/ 15/ 61 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 1,320 ft
Location: NTS U12e. 03 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: 2.6 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Cloud Direction: Northerly over Highway 25, Reed, Diablo, and Warm Springs, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 28 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Diablo, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 12.5 mR/ h at Twin Springs Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1.4 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
34 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 150 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at
Diablo, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 1.5 mR/ h at 21.1 miles northeast of the junction of Highway 6 and Highway 25 (Nevada)

Release Summary: Venting occurred at the tunnel portal at H+2 seconds and lasted for an unknown duration. A secondary steam explosion was observed from eight to ten minutes
following the detonation.
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (DA) (GA)

Test: SHREW
Date: 09/ 16/ 61 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1145 PST Depth of Burial: 325 ft
Location: NTS U3ac Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.9 -4.9 x 10 2 (estimated)
Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release (probably from a sampling line) occurred before H+15 minutes and lasted for

approximately two hours.

10 1
1 Page 2 3
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (J) (AY) (DA)
Test: BOOMER
Date: 10/ 01/ 61 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1330 PST Depth of Burial: 330 ft
Location: NTS U3aa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 1 -2.5 x 10 3 (estimated)
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+12 hours from the sampling line area. Small amounts of noble gas daughters were seen on 50-foot arc samplers and from samples taken by

monitoring aircraft.
References: (B) (E) (H) (J) (AY)

Test: CHENA
Date: 10/ 10/ 61 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 840 ft
Location: NTS U12b. 09 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 2
Release Summary: Venting occurred at the tunnel portal at H+2 seconds and continued for approximately 20 minutes.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA) (G1)
Test: MINK
Date: 10/ 29/ 61 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1030 PST Depth of Burial: 630 ft
Location: NTS U3ae Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only* Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Slight

11 2
2 Page 3 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I*
Cloud Direction: Southerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 13 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Indian Springs, Nevada**

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 720 picocuries of 131 I per liter in milk at Hiko,
Nevada**

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some seepage was evident at H+25 minutes from the sampling line. Small amounts of noble gas daughters were seen on 50-foot arc air samplers, but no activity was

detected from samples taken by monitoring aircraft.
Measurable contamination of offsite milk supplies was observed. Iodine-131 levels in milk at Hiko, Nevada, were 720 picocuries per liter four days after the test. Some radiation was detected

in the areas surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling. No radiation was detected off the NTS from postshot operations.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (N) (AY) (DA) (EA) (GB)
______________________________
*As of April 19, 1979, this test was considered to be an onsite only release. See statement in
explanatory information on "special designation for onsite releases."

** This gross beta and iodine activity in the air and iodine-131 concentration in milk was attributed to Russian nuclear tests around the time of this test.

Test: FISHER
Date: 12/ 03/ 61 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1504 PST Depth of Burial: 1,200 ft
Location: NTS U3ah Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 13.4 kt
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Onsite Only Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 5.0 x 10 2 (estimated)
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some

12 3
3 Page 4 5
Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release occurred from the area of a broken sampling line near surface ground zero at
approximately H+7 minutes and lasted for about one to two hours.
Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (J) (AY) (DA)
Test: GNOME
Date: 12/ 10/ 61 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1200 MST Depth of Burial: 1,185 ft
Location: Carlsbad, NM Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 3.0 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Release not quantified
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 137 Cs, 140 Ba/ 140 La, and noble gases
Cloud Direction: Northwesterly direction crossing over Highway 128 and Highway 31 (New Mexico)

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 160 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at the IMCC Mine, New Mexico
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 1,400 mR/ h at 3.5 miles west of the junction of Highway 31 and 128
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Near Carlsbad, New Mexico, 1.7 picocuries of 131 I
per cubic meter of air, 18 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 3.5 picocuries of 135 I per
cubic meter of air at the IMCC Processing Plant

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.3 mR/ h at Roswell, New Mexico
Release Summary: Radiation was detected at the blast door near the bottom of the shaft less than one minute following the explosion and at the shaft collar three minutes and 40 seconds

after the detonation. At approximately seven minutes after the detonation, gray smoke, steam, and associated radioactivity surged from the shaft opening. By 11 minutes following the
explosion, copious quantities of steam were issuing from both shaft and ventilation lines. A large flow continued for about 30 minutes before gradually decreasing. A small flow was still
detected the following day. The radioactive elements that vented through the shaft were volatiles and noble gases.

References: (A) (E) (H) (AY) (DC)

13 4
4 Page 5 6
Test: MAD
Date: 12/ 13/ 61 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 600 ft
Location: NTS U9a Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 500 tons
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Slight
Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release occurred at H+20 minutes.

NOTE: See statement in explanatory information on "qualitative onsite release data."
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

Test: RINGTAIL
Date: 12/ 17/ 61 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0835 PST Depth of Burial: 1,200 ft
Location: NTS U3ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 1 (estimated)
Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release occurred from the sampling line between H+7 and H+25 minutes.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (J) (AY) (DA)
Test: FEATHER
Date: 12/ 22/ 61 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 812 ft
Location: NTS U12b. 08 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: 150 tons
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.8 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 103 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 140 La, and 141 Ce

14 5
5 Page 6 7
Cloud Direction: Southwesterly over Death Valley Junction, California
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 440 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Bettle's Farm, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.08 mR/ h at Death Valley Junction, California
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 290 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air and
1,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at Bettle's Farm, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at 1.5 miles west to one mile south of Death Valley Junction, California

Release Summary: At H hour, a small cloud rose from the tunnel portal and vent pipes on top of the mesa and endured for 11 minutes.
Monitoring data showed the cloud traveled in a straight path on a heading of 190 degrees, passing just east of Carrara, Nevada. South of Carrara, the path changed to the southeast,
passing over Death Valley Junction and eventually reaching Ash Meadows, Nevada.
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (DA) (GC)

Test: STOAT
Date: 01/ 09/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 1,000 ft
Location: NTS U3ap Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 5.1 kt
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Onsite Only* Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.7
Isotopes Identified in the Release: Gaseous fission products
Cloud Direction: Southerly over Highway 95 (Nevada)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Trace of 131 I in the air sample at Lathrop Wells,
Nevada*

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: By USPHS aircraft only over Highway 95, approximately 40 miles from surface ground zero*

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Slight

15 6
6 Page 7 8
Release Summary: A test release occurred at collapse time and lasted for approximately one minute from the sampling line. No radiation levels above background were detected off the NTS
in populated areas from radioactivity released by this detonation. Radiation was detected off the Nevada Test Site approximately 40 miles from surface ground zero along Highway 95.

Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (N) (AY) (DA) (GD)
______________________________ *As of April 19, 1979, this test was considered to be an onsite only release. See statement in

explanatory information on "special designation for onsite releases."

Test: DORMOUSE
Date: 01/ 30/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 1,190 ft
Location: NTS U3aq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: STILLWATER
Date: 02/ 08/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 595 ft
Location: NTS U9c Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 3.07 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Slight
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

NOTE: See statement in explanatory information on "qualitative onsite release data."
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

16 7
7 Page 8 9
Test: ARMADILLO
Date: 02/ 09/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 786 ft
Location: NTS U3ar Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 7.1 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.2 x 10 2 (estimated)
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+3 minutes and lasted for ten minutes.

Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (J) (AY) (DA)
Test: HARDHAT
Date: 02/ 15/ 62 Sponsor: DoD/ SC/ LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 950 ft
Location: NTS U15a Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 5.7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Late slight
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Seepage occurred through the tunnel stemming. Aircraft sampling from 1050 to 1230 hours PST on February 16, 1962, showed the presence of a cloud.

Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (L) (AY) (DA)

17 8
8 Page 9 10
Test: CHINCHILLA
Date: 02/ 19/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 492 ft
Location: NTS U3ag Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 1.9 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.0
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: A test release (probably from the sampling line) occurred at H+1 minute and lasted for four minutes.

Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: CODSAW
Date: 02/ 19/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0950 PST Depth of Burial: 696 ft
Location: NTS U9g Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Slight
Release Summary: No early venting was detected.
NOTE: See statement in explanatory information on "qualitative onsite release data."
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

Test: CIMARRON
Date: 02/ 23/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 1,000 ft
Location: NTS U9h Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 11.9 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

18 9
9 Page 10 11
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 7.5 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release from the postshot drill hole occurred on March 2, 1963, and lasted for 3.5 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: PLATYPUS
Date: 02/ 24/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 190 ft
Location: NTS U3ad Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Slight
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area from H time until H+1 minute.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: PAMPAS
Date: 03/ 01/ 62 Sponsor: LASL/ UK
Time: 1110 PST Depth of Burial: 1,200 ft
Location: NTS U3al Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 9.5 kt
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Offsite Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 140 La, and 141 Ce
Cloud Direction: Northeasterly over Highway 25 (Nevada)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 1,700 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Penoyer, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.22 mR/ h at Penoyer, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 9 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
220 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 350 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at
Gunderson's Ranch, Penoyer, Nevada

19 10
10 Page 11 12
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.08 mR/ h at 17.7 miles north of Highway 25 in Sand Springs Valley, Nevada
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: A test release occurred from a broken sampling line at zero time and lasted for 20 minutes. The release of radioactivity occurred with winds from the south carrying the

cloud north on about a ten degree trajectory.
Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (DA) (GE)
Test: DANNY BOY
Date: 03/ 05/ 62 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1015 PST Depth of Burial: 110 ft
Location: NTS U18a Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Crater Yield: 430 tons
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 8.5 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 91 Sr, 103 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Cloud Direction: Northerly over Highway 6, west of Warm Springs, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 1,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Warm Springs, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 3.2 mR/ h 17.7 miles west of Warm Springs, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 6.9 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
220 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 350 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at
Warm Springs, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h at Carver's Restaurant, Nevada
Release Summary: A persistent cloud was produced during the blow out crater formation
containing appreciable quantities of radioactivity associated with particulates. The total release,
at the time of release, was 1.4 x 10 10 curies.

References: (A) (E) (F) (G) (H) (U) (V) (AY) (DA) (GE)

20 11
11 Page 12 13
Test: ERMINE
Date: 03/ 06/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 240 ft
Location: NTS U3ab Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: BRAZOS
Date: 03/ 08/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 841 ft
Location: NTS U9d Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 8.4 kt
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Onsite Only Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 3
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.5 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 9.5 x 10 3

Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release occurred from the Rad-chem pipe at H time and lasted for 38 minutes.

A drillback release from the postshot drill hole occurred on March 12, 1962, and lasted for approximately seven hours.
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

21 12
12 Page 13 14
Test: HOGNOSE
Date: 03/ 15/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 800 ft
Location: NTS U3ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: HOOSIC
Date: 03/ 28/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 613 ft
Location: NTS U9j Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 3.4 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 4
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 13, 1962, and lasted for four days.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: CHINCHILLA II
Date: 03/ 31/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 458 ft
Location: NTS U3as Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 1
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some

22 13
13 Page 14 15
Release Summary: The test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+4 minutes and lasted for approximately 30 minutes.
Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: DORMOUSE PRIME
Date: 04/ 05/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 856 ft
Location: NTS U3az Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 10.6 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: PASSAIC
Date: 04/ 06/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 766 ft
Location: NTS U9l Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 9, 1962, and lasted for approximately six hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (I) (AY) (DA)

23 14
14 Page 15 16
Test: HUDSON
Date: 04/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 480 ft
Location: NTS U9n Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 16, 1962, and lasted for eight hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: PLATTE
Date: 04/ 14/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 560 ft
Location: NTS U12k. 01 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: 1.85 kt
Release Type of Test and Test/ Prompt Detected: Offsite Release: Particle Sampling

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 40 K, 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 105 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 140
Ba/ 140 La, 141 Ce, and 144 Ce

Cloud Direction: Northerly over Highway 25 (Nevada) at a bearing of approximately 20 degrees

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 34,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Queen City Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 47 mR/ h at Queen City Summit, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 3,500 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
23,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 37,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of
air at Queen City Summit, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.10 mR/ h at 28.1 miles northeast of Currant, Nevada

24 15
15 Page 16 17
Release Summary: Venting occurred at the tunnel portal, through fissures, and at the sampling hole at H+1.5 seconds. The fissures were created on the side of the hill, and radial cracks formed
on top of the hill. A persistent cloud was produced containing appreciable quantities of radioactivity associated with particles.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (DA) (GG)
Test: DEAD
Date: 04/ 21/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1040 PST Depth of Burial: 634 ft
Location: NTS U9k Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 4
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 23, 1962, and lasted for approximately 44 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: BLACK
Date: 04/ 27/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 714 ft
Location: NTS U9p Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 30, 1962, and lasted for approximately two hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

25 16
16 Page 17 18
Test: PACA
Date: 05/ 07/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1233 PDT Depth of Burial: 848 ft
Location: NTS U3ax Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 1
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 5 -1.0 x 10 6
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area and lasted for less than two hours.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: ARIKAREE
Date: 05/ 10/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 547 ft
Location: NTS U9r Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on May 11, 1962, and lasted for five hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AY)
Test: AARDVARK
Date: 05/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1200 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,424 ft
Location: NTS U3amS Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 40 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 1

26 17
17 Page 18 19
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: A test release from cables occurred at H+105 minutes and lasted for approximately 45 minutes.

Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (DA)
Test: EEL
Date: 05/ 19/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 714 ft
Location: NTS U9m Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 4.5 kt
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Offsite Release: Sampling

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 105 Rh, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 140
Ba/ 140 La, 141 Ce, and 144 Ce

Cloud Direction: Northerly towards Eureka, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 3,400 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Currant, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 10 mR/ h at 5.9 miles northwest of Queen City Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 5.6 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air, and
23 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Currant, Nevada, and 26 picocuries of 135 I per
cubic meter of air at Gunderson's Ranch, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h at 19 miles west of Ely, Nevada, on Highway 50

Release Summary: Venting, in the form of a geyser, occurred at H+10 seconds from satellite hole U9m-2 and continued steadily until H+19 minutes, 42 seconds. A similar venting occurred
at H+15 seconds from satellite hole U9m-3 and lasted until H+21 minutes. The venting ceased with crater subsidence.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AY) (CC) (DA) (GH)

27 18
18 Page 19 20
Test: WHITE
Date: 05/ 25/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 632 ft
Location: NTS U9b Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on May 27, 1962, and lasted for eight hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: PACKRAT
Date: 06/ 06/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 860 ft
Location: NTS U3aw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)
Test: DES MOINES
Date: 06/ 13/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1400 PDT Depth of Burial: 660 ft
Location: NTS U12j. 01 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: 2.9 kt
Release Type of Test and Test/ Prompt Detected: Offsite Release: Particle Sampling

Test Release at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 7

28 19
19 Page 20 21
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 103 Ru, 106 Ru/ 106 Rh, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, and 140
Ba/ 140 La

Cloud Direction: Generally northeasterly over Queen City Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 15,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Queen City Summit, Nevada, (unpopulated), and 5,900 picocuries of gross beta

activity per cubic meter of air at Diablo, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 160 mR/ h at Queen City Summit, Nevada

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1,400 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
16,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 230,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter
of air at Queen City Summit, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.6 mR/ h at 18.6 miles west of Ely, Nevada, on Highway 50 (approximately 163 miles from the detonation site)

Release Summary: Venting began at H+0.2 seconds on top of the hill at surface ground zero, then from the sampling hole on the face of the hill, and finally through the portal. The duration
of the release was approximately five minutes. The test vented out of the tunnel mouth with sufficient pressure and flow rate that radioactive debris was projected entirely across the canyon
and deposited on the slope behind a trailer shelter.
The test caused 131 I milk contamination in the following locations: Adavan, Nevada, 360 picocuries per liter on June 20; Elko, Nevada, 610 picocuries per liter on June 22; and Spokane,

Washington, 1,200 picocuries per liter on June 20. All measurements were made from samples taken from fresh milk except those at Spokane that were made from pooled milk at a
pasteurizing plant.
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (M) (AY) (DA) (GI)

Test: DAMAN I
Date: 06/ 21/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 854 ft
Location: NTS U3be Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

29 20
20 Page 21 22
Test: HAYMAKER
Date: 06/ 27/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1100 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,340 ft
Location: NTS U3auS Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 67 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only* Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.5 x 10 2
Cloud Direction: Northerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in air above background
concentrations.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gas were released. Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous

radioactivity released during postshot drilling.
Milk samples taken from Austin, Nevada, on June 30, 1962, showed a concentration of
180 picocuries of 131 I per liter. **

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (N) (AY) (DA) (EB) (GJ)
______________________________ *As of April 19, 1979, this test was considered to be an onsite only release. See statement in

explanatory information on "special designation for onsite releases."
** This iodine-131 concentration in milk may be attributed to Russian nuclear tests around the time of this test.

30 21
21 Page 22 23
Test: MARSHMALLOW
Date: 06/ 28/ 62 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,020 ft
Location: NTS U16a Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Uncontrolled

Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 4
Release Summary: An uncontrolled test release due to a stemming failure occurred at H+5
minutes and continued for several days. The estimated release at the time of release was
approximately 1.0 x 10 6 curies.

References: (A) (E) (F) (H) (K) (L) (AY) (DA)

Test: SACRAMENTO
Date: 06/ 30/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1430 PDT Depth of Burial: 500 ft
Location: NTS U9v Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Slight
NOTE: See statement in explanatory information on "qualitative onsite release data."
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AY) (DA)

Test: SEDAN
Date: 07/ 06/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 635 ft
Location: NTS U10h Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Crater Yield: 104 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 7
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 7 Be, 24 Na, 56 Mn, 103 Ru, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 140
Ba/ 140 La, 181 W, 187 W, 188 W, and tracers

31 22
22 Page 23 24
Cloud Direction: Northeasterly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 13,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Diablo, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 324 mR/ h at Diablo, Nevada, and 1,960 mR/ h near Queen City Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 3,700 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
13,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 60,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of
air at Diablo, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.7 mR/ h near McGill, Nevada (north of Ely)
Release Summary: A persistent cloud containing appreciable quantities of radioactivity, including particulates, was produced during the cratering process. Fallout was documented to a

distance of approximately 200 statute miles downwind.
The significant contributors to the gamma exposure rate at H+24 hours were fission products, 187
W, and 24 Na. Approximately 42% of the gamma exposure rate at H+24 hours was the result
of fission products, 55% was from 187 W, 2% was from 24 Na, and less than 1% was from 181 W, 188
W, 7 Be, 56 Mn, and tracers.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (G) (H) (AR) (DD)

Test: LITTLE FELLER II
Date: 07/ 07/ 62 Sponsor: DoD
Time: 1200 PDT Depth of Burial: 3 ft above ground
Location: NTS Area 18 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Surface Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test/ Surface

Test Release: Atmospheric
References: (A) (E) (F) (AR)

Test: JOHNNIE BOY
Date: 07/ 11/ 62 Sponsor: DoD
Time: 0945 PDT Depth of Burial: 23 in
Location: NTS Area 18 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Crater Yield: 500 tons
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

32 23
23 Page 24 25
Test Release: Atmospheric
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, and 140 Ba/ 140 La

Cloud Direction: Northerly; subsequently divided into two portions
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 23,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Twin Springs Ranch, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 3.0 mR/ h near the Rattlesnake Maintenance Station, Nevada, by ground monitoring; 3.8 mR/ h on a recording radiation monitor
at Twin Springs Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 500 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
920 picocuries of 133 I, per cubic meter of air, and 2,300 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air
at Twin Springs, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 3.0 mR/ h at 11 miles northeast of Lockes, Nevada

Release Summary: A persistent cloud containing appreciable quantities of radioactivity, including particulates, was produced during the cratering process.
Detonation of this test resulted in the formation of a radioactive cloud that moved north from the test site. This cloud split into two portions. The lower portion traveled slightly west of north to
the area of Highway 6 between Tonopah and Warm Springs, Nevada, then traveled east of north after assuming a width of 25-30 miles; the higher portion, above 11,000 ft mean sea level
(MSL), traveled east of north.
References: (A) (E) (F) (AR) (GK)

Test: MERRIMAC
Date: 07/ 13/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,366 ft
Location: NTS U3bd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Intermediate
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 4
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 4

Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases.
A drillback release from the postshot drill hole occurred on July 13, 1962, and lasted for 35 hours.

33 24
24 Page 25 26
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (I) (AR) (DB)
Test: SMALL BOY
Date: 07/ 14/ 62 Sponsor: DoD
Time: 1130 PDT Depth of Burial: 10 ft above ground
Location: NTS Area 5 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tower Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Surface

Test Release: Atmospheric
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 131 I, 132 Te, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Cloud Direction: Northeasterly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 140,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Elko, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 14 mR/ h at 13 miles south of Alamo, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1,100 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at
Caliente, Nevada, and 3,500 picocuries of 131 I per liter in milk at Caliente, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h at seven miles south of Parowan, Utah, on Highway 143

Release Summary: This test resulted in the formation of a radioactive cloud that moved east from surface ground zero and crossed Highway 93 south of Alamo, Nevada. During the night of
July 14 and the morning of July 15, the cloud moved further east into Utah, and it reached such low levels that it was detected only in small segments by ground monitoring.

References: (A) (E) (F) (AR) (GL)
Test: LITTLE FELLER I
Date: 07/ 17/ 62 Sponsor: DoD
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 3 ft above ground
Location: NTS Area 18 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Surface Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release: Atmospheric
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 103 Ru, and 131 I

34 25
25 Page 26 27
Cloud Direction: Northerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 4,200 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Twin Springs, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.7 mR/ h at Twin Springs Ranch, Nevada (exposure rate recorder measurement)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1.3 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at
Lockes, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.1 mR/ h at Lockes, Nevada (exposure rate recorder measurement)

References: (A) (E) (F) (AR) (GM)
Test: WICHITA
Date: 07/ 27/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1400 PDT Depth of Burial: 493 ft
Location: NTS U9y Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only* Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I
Cloud Direction: Southerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were detected.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Trace amounts of 131 I in the air at Lathrop Wells,
Nevada**

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were detected.

Release Summary: At H+26 seconds, gas vented from a fissure in the earth approximately 50 ft north of the emplacement hole and continued for five minutes.
References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (N) (AR) (DB) (GN) ______________________________
*As of April 19, 1979, this test was considered to be an onsite only release. See statement in explanatory information on "special designation for onsite releases."

** A review of other data collected following this test indicated that the trace of 131 I was not necessarily attributable to this test.

35 26
26 Page 27 28
Test: YORK
Date: 08/ 24/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 743 ft
Location: NTS U9z Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 5
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 5

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on August 25, 1962, and lasted for 30 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (F) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: BOBAC
Date: 08/ 24/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 680 ft
Location: NTS U3bl Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: RARITAN
Date: 09/ 06/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 516 ft
Location: NTS U9u Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

36 27
27 Page 28 29
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot hole casing on September 6, 1962, and lasted for eight hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR)
Test: HYRAX
Date: 09/ 14/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1010 PDT Depth of Burial: 709 ft
Location: NTS U3bh Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
References: (A) (B) (E) (F) (H) (AR) (DB)

Test: ALLEGHENY
Date: 09/ 29/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 692 ft
Location: NTS U9x Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.8 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 8.8 x 10 2

Release Summary: This test released small visible quantities of radioactive steam and/ or gases. The test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+1 second and lasted for
12 minutes.
A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on September 30, 1962, and lasted for 15 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)

37 28
28 Page 29 30
Test: MISSISSIPPI
Date: 10/ 05/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,620 ft
Location: NTS U9ad Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 115 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.9 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 4.9 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on October 7, 1962, and lasted for 15 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: ROANOKE
Date: 10/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 577 ft
Location: NTS U9q Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 3

Release Summary: A minor gaseous release lasting 68 minutes occurred at H+7 minutes from the surface ground zero area through the emplacement hole casing and air dielectric signal and
diagnostic cables. The greater part of the radiation was confined to the vicinity of surface ground zero. The venting was stopped by preparations for postshot drilling.

A drillback release from Postshot Hole No. 1 occurred at 0145 hours on October 14, 1962, and lasted for one hour.
References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)

38 29
29 Page 30 31
Test: WOLVERINE
Date: 10/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 240 ft
Location: NTS U3av Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x10 2
Release Summary: A test release at about H+1 minute occurred from surface ground zero and lasted for approximately 88 minutes. All readings had decayed to background levels by

H+90 minutes.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AR)

Test: BANDICOOT
Date: 10/ 19/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1100 PDT Depth of Burial: 800 ft
Location: NTS U3bj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 12.5 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Cloud Direction: Northerly for the lower part of the cloud; south southwesterly for the upper portion of the cloud

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 52,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Death Valley Junction, California
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: Greater than 20 mR/ h on Highway 95, seven miles west of the Mercury Junction (Nevada)*
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 310 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air, and
2,500 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at Lathrop Wells, Nevada; maximum 131 I level in
milk, 160 picocuries per liter on October 23, 1962, at Springdale, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at 14.5 miles south of Shoshone, California

Release Summary: At H+5 seconds a persistent cloud was produced containing appreciable quantities of radioactivity associated with particulates. This test venting, that lasted for five
minutes, was from a ground fault near the surface ground zero area.

39 30
30 Page 31 32
The radioactive cloud split into two portions. The lower portion of the cloud traveled in a north-northeasterly direction to Area 9 where it remained stagnant, then moved slowly across
Flat Top Mesa and north to the Area 12 Compound. The cloud dispersed in the valleys north of the Nevada Test Site. No exposures to people were detected.

The upper portion of the cloud traveled in a southerly direction and traversed a course over Camp Mercury, Cactus Springs, Indian Springs, Lathrop Wells and Highway 95 (Nevada). Upon
crossing Highway 95, the cloud was nine miles wide, diffusing rapidly, and proceeding southwest, passing over the Los Angeles, California area.

References: (A) (C) (E) (G) (H) (AR) (DB) (GO) ______________________________
*Upper limit of measuring instrument.

Test: SANTEE
Date: 10/ 27/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,048 ft
Location: NTS U10f Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the area of the casing and drill hole on October 27, 1962, and lasted for 15 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: ST. LAWRENCE
Date: 11/ 09/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 546 ft
Location: NTS U2b Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.5
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 3

40 31
31 Page 32 33
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+21 minutes.
A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on November 9, 1962, and lasted for 12 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR)
Test: ANACOSTIA
Date: 11/ 27/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 747 ft
Location: NTS U9i Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Onsite Only Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.6 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 6.6 x 10 3

Release Summary: A venting occurred at H+8 seconds from the sampling area and at H+35 seconds between the emplacement pipe and the prompt sampling pipe. The release lasted for
23.7 minutes.
The effluent gas gave a maximum reading of 95 mR/ h on the ground one mile downwind from surface ground zero at H+0.5 hour. The most significant radiation was confined to the crater and

radiochemistry sampling area.
A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on November 28, 1962, and lasted for seven hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: TAUNTON
Date: 12/ 04/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 748 ft
Location: NTS U9aa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

41 32
32 Page 33 34
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line and casing on December 4, 1962, and lasted for eight hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR)
Test: MADISON
Date: 12/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0925 PST Depth of Burial: 1,318 ft
Location: NTS U12g. 01 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 4
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on December 13, 1962, and lasted for 30 hours.

References: (A) (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: NUMBAT
Date: 12/ 12/ 62 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1045 PST Depth of Burial: 761 ft
Location: NTS U3bu Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: Some radiation was detected in the area surrounding surface ground zero from gaseous radioactivity released during postshot drilling.

References: (A) (B) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)

42 33
33 Page 34 35
Test: MANATEE
Date: 12/ 14/ 62 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 192 ft
Location: NTS U9af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on December 14, 1962, and lasted for approximately five hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: CASSELMAN
Date: 02/ 08/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 994 ft
Location: NTS U10g Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.3 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 6.3 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line on February 9, 1963, and lasted for ten hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: CARMEL
Date: 02/ 21/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1147 PST Depth of Burial: 536 ft
Location: NTS U2h Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

43 34
34 Page 35 36
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.2 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 7.2 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on February 21, 1963, and lasted for two hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: KAWEAH
Date: 02/ 21/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1147 PST Depth of Burial: 745 ft
Location: NTS U9ab Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 4
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on February 22, 1963, and lasted for 22 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB)
Test: TOYAH
Date: 03/ 15/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0822 PST Depth of Burial: 429 ft
Location: NTS U9ac Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on March 15, 1963, and lasted for five hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (JA)

44 35
35 Page 36 37
Test: CUMBERLAND
Date: 04/ 11/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0803 PST Depth of Burial: 745 ft
Location: NTS U2e Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.5 x 10 3
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 8.5 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on April 12, 1963, and lasted for seven hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (JB)
Test: KOOTANAI*
Date: 04/ 24/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0809 PST Depth of Burial: 597 ft
Location: NTS U9w Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 8.2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 2
xenons and iodines in curies: 4.0 x 10 2
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero cables at H+13 minutes and lasted for two minutes.

A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on April 25, 1963, and lasted for four hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (Q) (AR) (JC)
________________________ *While DOE/ NV-209 (Rev. 14) lists both KOOTANAI and PAISANO as releasing effluent,

reference data indicate that the release was probably attributed to KOOTANAI.

45 36
36 Page 37 38
Test: DOUBLE TRACKS
Date: 05/ 15/ 63 Sponsor: Joint US-UK
Time: 0255 PDT Depth of Burial: Not Applicable
Location: NAFR Purpose: Storage-Transportation
Type: Surface Yield: Zero
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Plutonium Dispersal

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Unknown
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: Estimated 12.1 disintegrations per minute per cubic meter (alpha) at Scotty's Junction, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No offsite gamma radiation was detected.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Non-nuclear experiment, no iodine was produced.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Alpha activity detected on air samplers at Beatty, Nevada and Scotty's Junction, Nevada

Release Summary: This test was part of Operation Roller Coaster. Four storage and transportation tests on the NAFR were conducted as Operation Roller Coaster during May and
June 1963.
DOUBLE TRACKS was a non-nuclear experiment that took place on Stonewall Flats at 0255 hours on May 15, 1963. The purpose of this test was to determine data on debris

scattering. To accomplish this purpose, conventional high explosives were used to scatter an alpha-emitting isotope into the atmosphere.

Filters from air samplers taken at populated locations indicated a maximum concentration of 12.1 disintegrations per minute/ cubic meter at Scotty's Junction, Nevada. (The air sample with
this highest reading was from an air sampler with a burned out motor, and the total air flow had to be estimated.) A filter from a sampler run from 1245 hours May 14 to 1300 hours on May 15
in Beatty, Nevada, showed 11.3 disintegrations per minute per cubic meter. Other filters from populated locations showed concentrations above the 0.04 disintegrations per minute per cubic
meter background level.
References: (E) (AZ) (DE) (GP)

46 37
37 Page 38 39
Test: STONES
Date: 05/ 22/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0840 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,295 ft
Location: NTS U9ae Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Intermediate
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.8 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 124 Sb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on May 23, 1963, and lasted ten hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB) (JD) (JE)
Test: CLEAN SLATE I
Date: 05/ 25/ 63 Sponsor: Joint US-UK
Time: 0417 PDT Depth of Burial: Not Applicable
Location: NAFR Purpose: Storage-Transportation
Type: Surface Yield: Zero
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Plutonium Dispersal

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Unknown
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.32 disintegrations per minute per cubic meter (alpha) at Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No offsite gamma radiation was detected.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Non-nuclear experiment, no iodine was produced.
Release Summary: The test was part of Operation Roller Coaster. Four storage and transportation tests on the NAFR were conducted as Operation Roller Coaster during May and
June 1963.
At 0417 hours on May 25, 1963, CLEAN SLATE I, a conventional high explosive device with a plutonium-239 component, was detonated at Cactus Flats, Nevada. The purpose of this

experiment was to determine data on the extent and concentration of alpha-emitting debris scattering from a conventional high-explosive device equipped with one or more alpha-emitting
components.
Due to fluctuating wind patterns, air filters from populated areas northeast and southeast of surface ground zero showed small concentrations of alpha-emitting material with a maximum

47 38
38 Page 39 40
activity of 0.32 disintegrations per minute per cubic meter of air at Lathrop Wells, Nevada. Filters from populated areas (including Hiko, Lund, Mesquite, Pioche, Tonopah, Warm Springs,
Las Vegas, Furnace Creek, and Lathrop Wells) showed small concentrations of contaminated material.

References: (E) (AZ) (DE) (GQ)
Test: PLEASANT
Date: 05/ 29/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0803 PDT Depth of Burial: 690 ft
Location: NTS U9ah Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified In the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I , 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from surface ground zero cables at H+15 minutes and lasted for 2.5 hours.

A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole on May 29, 1963, and lasted for 24 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (JF) (JG)

Test: CLEAN SLATE II
Date: 05/ 31/ 63 Sponsor: Joint US-UK
Time: 0347 PDT Depth of Burial: Not Applicable
Location: NAFR Purpose: Storage-Transportation
Type: Surface Yield: Zero
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test/ Plutonium Dispersal

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Unknown
Release Summary: This test was part of Operation Roller Coaster. Four storage and transportation tests on the NAFR were conducted as Operation Roller Coaster during May and

June 1963.

48 39
39 Page 40 41
CLEAN SLATE II, the third non-nuclear experiment of Operation Roller Coaster, was carried out on Cactus Flats, Nevada, at 0347 hours, May 31, 1963. The purpose of this detonation was
to determine data on the extent and concentration of debris scattering from a conventional high-explosive device equipped with one or more alpha-emitting isotope components.

Air filter results from 31 permanent stations surrounding the test area indicated that any material released from CLEAN SLATE II was confined to the Cactus Flats location.
References: (E) (AZ) (DE) (GR)
Test: YUBA
Date: 06/ 05/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 795 ft
Location: NTS U12b. 10 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Tunnel Yield: 3.1 kt
Release Offsite Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: (Drillback Only) Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.2 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine was detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Two miles offsite at Lathrop Wells, Nevada (detected from the drillback release)

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the Rad-chem pipe.
A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on June 7, 1963, and lasted for 100 hours.
References: (C) (E) (G) (H) (AR) (DB) (GS)

49 40
40 Page 41 42
Test: APSHAPA
Date: 06/ 06/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0958 PDT Depth of Burial: 295 ft
Location: NTS U9ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.8
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 2

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+10 minutes and lasted for 25 minutes.

A drillback release from a postshot drill hole occurred on June 6, 1963, and lasted for four hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (JH)

Test: CLEAN SLATE III
Date: 06/ 09/ 63 Sponsor: Joint US-UK
Time: 0330 PDT Depth of Burial: Not Applicable
Location: NAFR Purpose: Storage-Transportation
Type: Surface Yield: Zero
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Plutonium Dispersal

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Unknown
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: Not above background; a maximum of
1.64 x 10 -13 microcuries per cubic centimeter was measured on the Test Range Complex.

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No offsite gamma radiation was detected.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: Non-nuclear experiment, no iodine was produced.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 47.8 + 1.5 disintegrations per minute per
square foot of 239, 240 Pu on a film collector at Springdale, Utah

Release Summary: This test was part of Operation Roller Coaster. Four storage and transportation tests on the NAFR were conducted as Operation Roller Coaster during May and

June 1963.

50 41
41 Page 42 43
At 0330 hours on June 9, 1963, the CLEAN SLATE III test was conducted at Cactus Flats, Nevada. The purpose of this test was to determine data on the extent and concentration of
alpha-emitting debris scattering from a conventional high-explosive device with one or more radioactive components. This was the fourth and last test of the Roller Coaster series.

Careful ground monitoring to the southeast and southwest of surface ground zero failed to show any readings above background levels. The area was monitored after heavy morning and
afternoon rains on June 9, 1963.
References: (E) (AZ) (DE) (GT)

Test: KENNEBEC
Date: 06/ 25/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1600 PDT Depth of Burial: 742 ft
Location: NTS U2af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Test/ Prompt Particle Detected: Onsite Only Release: Sampling and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.0
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A test release from the Rad-chem line occurred at H+10 seconds and lasted for one minute.

A drillback release from the postshot drill hole occurred on June 26, 1963, at 1415 hours and lasted for 1.7 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AR) (DB) (JI)
Test: PEKAN
Date: 08/ 12/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1645 PDT Depth of Burial: 991 ft
Location: NTS U3bw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

51 42
42 Page 43 44
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 6
133 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 4

135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 6
131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 1
133 I in curies: 2.9 x 10 2
135 I in curies: 6.5 x 10 2
85 Kr in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS) (JK)
Detonation: KOHOCTON (simultaneous with NATCHES, separate holes)
Date: 08/ 23/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0620 PDT Depth of Burial: 835 ft
Location: NTS U9ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 3
133 Xe, 135 Xe, 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I in curies: 3.0 x 10 3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from a postshot drill hole and ground zero cables on August 23, 1963, and lasted for 15 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (JL)
Test: AHTANUM
Date: 09/ 13/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0653 PDT Depth of Burial: 740 ft
Location: NTS U2l Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 1
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on September 21, 1963, and lasted for four hours.

52 43
43 Page 44 45
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS)
Test: BILBY
Date: 09/ 13/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,343 ft
Location: NTS U3cn Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 249 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0
133 Xe in curies: 1.0

131 I: trace

References: (B) (E) (H) (J) (AS)
Test: CARP
Date: 09/ 27/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0720 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,081 ft
Location: NTS U3cb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 hours, in Curies: 5.7 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 5.5 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 5.5 x 10 -1
131 I in curies: 6.8 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 1.1
88 Rb: trace

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS)

53 44
44 Page 45 46
Test: NARRAGUAGUS
Date: 09/ 27/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1030 PDT Depth of Burial: 493 ft
Location: NTS U2f Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 2
Release Summary: Radioactivity was released during drillback operations, beginning at 0830 hours on September 29, 1963, and lasting for 13 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (UQ)
Test: GRUNION
Date: 10/ 11/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 856 ft
Location: NTS U3bz Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: approximately 4.0 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 3 (approximate)

131 I in curies: 4.3 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 9.9 x 10 -2

References: (B) (E) (H) (J) (AS)
Test: TORNILLO
Date: 10/ 11/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1400 PDT Depth of Burial: 489 ft
Location: NTS U9aq Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

54 45
45 Page 46 47
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.2 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on October 12, 1963, and lasted for 12 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (JM)
Test: CLEARWATER
Date: 10/ 16/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,798 ft
Location: NTS U12q Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Intermediate
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.6 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 4.6 x 10 3

131 I in curies: 2.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole on October 23, 1963, beginning at 1600 hours and lasting for seven hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (TY)
Test: SHOAL
Date: 10/ 26/ 63 Sponsor: LASL/ ARPA
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,204 ft
Location: Fallon, Nevada* Purpose: Vela Uniform
Type: Shaft Yield: 12 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 2
131m Xe and 133 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 2

131 I in curies: less than 1.0

References: (E) (H) (L) (DU) (JN) ______________________________
*28 miles southeast of Fallon, Nevada

55 46
46 Page 47 48
Test: ANCHOVY
Date: 11/ 14/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 853 ft
Location: NTS U3bq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Slight
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 78 As and 138 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 5 -2.3 x 10 5
133 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 4

135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 5
131 I in curies: 2.5
133 I in curies: 1.1 x 10 1
135 I in curies: 3.5 x 10 2
88 Kr in curies: 1.0 x 10 4 -1.0 x 10 5

Release Summary: There was a small test release, but only qualitative data were available.
Drillback releases occurred on November 15 and December 3, 1963.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AS) (JO)

Test: MUSTANG
Date: 11/ 15/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 544 ft
Location: NTS U9at Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 2 *
133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 2

131 I, 133 I, and 135 I: trace

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred on November 16, 1963, beginning at 1200 hours, from the surface ground zero casing, lasting for 35 hours, and from the ventilation
system lasting for 26 hours.

56 47
47 Page 48 49
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AS) (JP)
______________________________ *An analysis of RAMS data indicated that approximately 2.8 x 10 3 curies of 133 Xe and 135 Xe

could have been released through the ventilation system during the postshot drilling period without being detected.

Test: GREYS
Date: 11/ 22/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0930 PST Depth of Burial: 987 ft
Location: NTS U9ax Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Intermediate
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 4.6 x 10 2
131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe in curies: less than 4.6 x10 2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the drilling rig at 2130 hours on November 23, 1963, lasting for 19 hours, and from the ventilation system on the same day,
lasting for 18 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (UT)

Detonation: BARRACUDA* (simultaneous with SARDINE, separate holes)
Date: 12/ 04/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0838 PST Depth of Burial: 864 ft
Location: NTS U3cr Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.5 x 10 -3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: xenons and iodines
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 2

iodines in curies: less than 4.0 x 10 -2
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+12 minutes from surface ground zero and lasted for 72 hours.

57 48
48 Page 49 50
References: (B) (E) (H) (AS)
Detonation: SARDINE* (simultaneous with BARRACUDA, separate holes)
Date: 12/ 04/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0838 PST Depth of Burial: 860 ft
Location: NTS U3ch Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 133 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than or equal to 9.0 x 10 -2
iodines in curies: less than or equal to 9.0 x 10 -2
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+12 minutes and lasted for 100 minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS)
__________________________ *BARRACUDA and SARDINE are one test because these detonations occurred within the time

frame and proximity as defined in the Threshold Test Ban Treaty. They are listed separately because of individual test data.

Test: EAGLE
Date: 12/ 12/ 63 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0802 PST Depth of Burial: 540 ft
Location: NTS U9av Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 5.3 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 89 Sr, 91 Sr, 92 Sr, 99 Mo, 103 Ru, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 135
Xe, 138 Cs, and 140 Ba/ 140 La

Cloud Direction: Southwesterly over Death Valley and Central Southern California, about 140 miles beyond the point of release

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 24 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Death Valley Junction, California

58 49
49 Page 50 51
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No readings above background levels were recorded.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 10 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air, and
35 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Death Valley Junction, California.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Isotopic activity was detected in air samples only as far as Death Valley Junction, California.

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 2.0 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 2

131 I, 133 I, and 135 I in curies: less than 1.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Venting occurred from the line-of-site (LOS) pipe at H+30 seconds and lasted for three minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1300 hours on December 15, 1963, and lasted for 83 hours.
References: (C) (D) (E) (G) (H) (Z) (AS) (GU) (JQ)
Test: TUNA
Date: 12/ 20/ 63 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0724 PST Depth of Burial: 1,359 ft
Location: NTS U3de Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Low
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 1.2 x 10 -1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
References: (B) (E) (H) (AS)

Test: FORE
Date: 01/ 16/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 1,609 ft
Location: NTS U9ao Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

59 50
50 Page 51 52
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 8.9 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1455 hours on January 18, 1964, and lasted for 28.5 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (JR)
Test: OCONTO
Date: 01/ 23/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 868 ft
Location: NTS U9ay Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 10.5 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 4
133 Xe in curies: 9.9 x 10 3

135 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 4
131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3
133 I in curies: 5.0 x 10 -4

Cloud Direction: Northerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No gross beta activities were above normal levels.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No readings were above background levels. (Detected by aerial monitoring only).

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine was detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Radioactivity from redrilling was detected by aerial monitoring to Hancock Summit, Nevada.

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 2200 hours on January 24, 1964, and lasted for 26 hours. Radioactivity was detected offsite by aerial
monitoring only.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (GV) (JS)

60 51
51 Page 52 53
Test: CLUB
Date: 01/ 30/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 590 ft
Location: NTS U2aa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 4.8 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 2
131 I: trace
133 I: trace

Release Summary: An test release occurred from the cables at 1025 hours and lasted for two hours.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0700 hours on February 1, 1964, and lasted for 10 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (U7)
Test: SOLENDON
Date: 02/ 12/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0738 PST Depth of Burial: 493 ft
Location: NTS U3cz Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+10 minutes from the surface ground zero area and lasted for 7.5 hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS) (UN)

61 52
52 Page 53 54
Test: BUNKER
Date: 02/ 13/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 745 ft
Location: NTS U9bb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity At R+12, in Curies: 1.4
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 4.2 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: less than 2.2 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 2

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+4 minutes and lasted for 20 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system beginning at 1200 hours on February 15, 1964, and lasted for five hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (U4)
Test: BONEFISH
Date: 02/ 18/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0737 PST Depth of Burial: 984 ft
Location: NTS U3bt Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 1
xenons, in curies: 1.5 x 10 1
131 I in curies: 2.0 x 10 -4

133 I in curies: 4.0

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS)

62 53
53 Page 54 55
Test: KLICKITAT
Date: 02/ 20/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 1,616 ft
Location: NTS U10e Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: less than 7.9

135 Xe in curies: less than 1.9
131 I in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 -1
133 I in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 -1
135 I in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (JT)

Test: HANDICAP
Date: 03/ 12/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 470 ft
Location: NTS U9ba Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity At R+12, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, 135
Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -2

135 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the cable cutting at H+110 minutes, lasting for 30 minutes, and from the surface ground zero area at H+6 hours, lasting for 27 hours.

A drillback release occurred through the ventilation system.

63 54
54 Page 55 56
References: (C) (H) (AS) (UR)
Test: PIKE
Date: 03/ 13/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0802 PST Depth of Burial: 374 ft
Location: NTS U3cy Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I
Cloud Direction: Southeasterly over Cactus Springs and Las Vegas, Nevada, and over California and Arizona the next day

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 76,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air five miles west of Cactus Springs, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 5.9 mR/ h at Cactus Springs, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1,000 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
36,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 510 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air
at Cactus Springs, Nevada; maximum concentration of 131 I in commercial milk, 80 picocuries
per liter at Yuma, Arizona, and Winterhaven, California

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.03 mR/ h at 17.8 miles southeast of the junction of Boulder Highway and Sahara Avenue, Las Vegas, Nevada

Release Summary: An test release from ground fractures occurred at H+10 seconds and lasted for approximately one minute. Fresh fission products were detected as far as 341 miles from
surface ground zero.
References: (B) (D) (E) (G) (H) (P) (Z) (AS) (DF) (DG) (FA) (JU)

Test: HOOK
Date: 04/ 14/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0640 PST Depth of Burial: 668 ft
Location: NTS U9bc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.2

64 55
55 Page 56 57
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 3.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: less than 1.3 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: less than 2.2 x 10 2

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+5 minutes and lasted for 11 minutes.

Drillback releases occurred from the emplacement casing at 2000 hours on April 14, 1964, lasting for 16.5 hours, and from the ventilation system at 1900 hours April 15, 1964, lasting for
13 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (US)

Test: STURGEON
Date: 04/ 15/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 492 ft
Location: NTS U3bo Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 9.0 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 2
131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 6.0 x 10 -1
135 I in curies: 2.5

References: (B) (E) (H) (AS) (JV)
Test: BOGEY
Date: 04/ 17/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0729 PST Depth of Burial: 390 ft
Location: NTS U9au Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity At R+12, in Curies: 6.9
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs

65 56
56 Page 57 58
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 5.9 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: less than 4.4 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: less than 9.5
131 I in curies: less than 1.0
133 I in curies: less than 1.0
135 I in curies: less than 1.0

others, in curies: less than 2.0
Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the cable connectors at H+10 minutes, lasting for eight minutes, and from the cable cuttings at 1000 hours on April 17, 1964, lasting for

30 minutes.
Drillback releases occurred from the drilling stem at 0100 hours on April 19, 1964, lasting for six hours, and from the ventilation system (no time or duration given).

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (U1)
Test: TURF
Date: 04/ 24/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1210 PST Depth of Burial: 1,663 ft
Location: NTS U10c Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 2.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.9 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: less than 9.8
131 I in curies: less than 2.0
133 I in curies: less than 2.0
135 I in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation system drilling platform at 0505 hours on April 27, 1964, lasting for 28 hours, and from the drill hole at 1545 hours on
April 28, 1964, lasting for 5 hours, 45 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (JW) (JX)

66 57
57 Page 58 59
Test: PIPEFISH
Date: 04/ 29/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1347 PDT Depth of Burial: 860 ft
Location: NTS U3co Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
References: (B) (E) (H) (AS) (JY)

Test: DRIVER
Date: 05/ 07/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 492 ft
Location: NTS U9ar Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity At R+12, in Curies: 3.7 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero casing at H+20 minutes and lasted for 190 minutes.

A drillback release of 0.28 curies of 133 Xe and 135 Xe could have been released and gone undetected because of lower limits of detection.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (UB)
Test: BACKSWING
Date: 05/ 14/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0740 PDT Depth of Burial: 536 ft
Location: NTS U9aw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.7 x 10 1

67 58
58 Page 59 60
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 24 Na, 56 Mn, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 3.2

135 Xe in curies: 3.1
138 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs in curies: 1.0 x 10 3

iodines: 1.3 x 10 1
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero casing and LOS pipe at H+4 minutes and lasted for 16 minutes.

Drillback releases occurred from the cable cutting at 0840 hours on May 14, 1964, lasting for 24 hours, and from the ventilation system at 1135 hours on May 16, 1964, lasting for 48 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AS) (JZ)
Test: ACE
Date: 06/ 11/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0945 PDT Depth of Burial: 862 ft
Location: NTS U2n Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 2.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A test release from the cable cutting area and surface ground zero occurred at H+2.5 hours and lasted for 18 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (KA)
Test: DUFFER
Date: 06/ 18/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,463 ft
Location: NTS U10dS Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

68 59
59 Page 60 61
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 4.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: less than 3.5 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: less than 5.8

Release Summary: Three drillback releases occurred from: (1) the emplacement drill hole, beginning at 1033 hours on June 19, 1964, lasting for five minutes; (2) the ventilation system at
0430 hours on June 21, 1964, lasting for 80 minutes; and (3) an explosion at the emplacement hole during the period of July 2 through July 6, 1964.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (UC)
Test: FADE
Date: 06/ 25/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 673 ft
Location: NTS U9be Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, 135 Xe, and 135m
Xe

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: A test release, from the surface ground zero area in the crater, occurred at H+165 minutes and lasted for 8.75 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (KB)
Test: DUB
Date: 06/ 30/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0633 PDT Depth of Burial: 848 ft
Location: NTS U10a Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

69 60
60 Page 61 62
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: 2.3

Release Summary: A test release from the crater area occurred at approximately H+5 hours and lasted for 83 hours.

A drillback release from the ventilation system occurred at 0530 hours on July 2, 1964, and lasted for 85 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AS) (KC)
Test: BYE
Date: 07/ 16/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0615 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,277 ft
Location: NTS U10i Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 3.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: less than 3.9 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: less than 1.0
131 I in curies: less than 1.0
133 I in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation system at 1730 hours on July 21, 1964, lasting for 49.5 hours, and from the open drill pipe at 0730 hours on
July 22, 1964, lasting for 15.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KD)

Test: CORMORANT
Date: 07/ 17/ 64 Sponsor: LASL/ UK
Time: 1018 PDT Depth of Burial: 892 ft
Location: NTS U3df Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Approximately 1.0

70 61
61 Page 62 63
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 135 Xe, and 138 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -2
131 I in curies: 1.4 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2
135 I in curies: 5.8 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area began at H time and lasted for 20 minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AT)
Test: LINKS
Date: 07/ 23/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 394 ft
Location: NTS U9bf Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity At R+12, in Curies: Less than 6.7
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 88m Rb, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, 139 Xe, 138
Cs, 139 Cs, and 139 Ba

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from from surface ground zero at H+10 seconds lasting for sixty minutes, and from the cable cutting at 0830 hours on July 23, 1964, lasting for
1.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (UU)

Test: ALVA
Date: 08/ 19/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 545 ft
Location: NTS U2j Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 4.4 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.1 x 10 3

71 62
62 Page 63 64
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 56 Mn, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs
Cloud Direction: Northerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine detected was attributable to this test.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Detected offsite by aircraft only, near St. George, Utah

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 -1
131 I in curies: 4.1 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 5.5 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A test release from the LOS pipe and shaft occurred at H time and lasted for 3.5 days. The release of radioactivity was detected offsite by aircraft only.

A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 2200 hours on August 22, 1964, and lasted for 5.4 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (Z) (AT) (DH) (EC) (GW) (KE) (MA)
Test: CANVASBACK
Date: 08/ 22/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1517 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,470 ft
Location: NTS U3cp Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 3
Xe 133 in curies: 2.0 x 10 3
Xe 135 in curies: 1.0
I 131 in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1
I 133 in curies: 5.0 x 10 -1
I 135 in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3

72 63
63 Page 64 65
References: (B) (E) (H) (AT) (TV)
Test: SPOON
Date: 09/ 11/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 590 ft
Location: NTS U9bd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.8 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 1.3 x 10 1
131 I and 133 I in curies: 4.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 2310 hours on September 13, 1964, and lasted for 24.5 hours. A second release occurred from the drilling rig at
2315 hours on September 13, 1964, and lasted for 27.7 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (UO)

Test: PAR
Date: 10/ 09/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,325 ft
Location: NTS U2p Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 38 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.1 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 5.9 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 2.4
135 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 1

other isotopes in curies: less than 2.0
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the drilling rig at 2230 hours on October 11, 1964, lasting for 4.4 days and from the ventilation system at 0100 hours on

October 12, 1964, lasting for 5.5 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AT) (KF)

73 64
64 Page 65 66
Detonation: BARBEL (simultaneous with TURNSTONE, separate holes)
Date: 10/ 16/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 850 ft
Location: NTS U3bx Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.9 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 9.8 x 10 1
131 I in curies: 4.1 x 10 -1
133 I in curies: 2.9 x 10 -1
135 I in curies: 3.1 x 10 -1

References: (B) (E) (H) (AT)
Test: FOREST
Date: 10/ 31/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0904 PST Depth of Burial: 1,249 ft
Location: NTS U7a Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.2
133 Xe in curies: 5.0

135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1
131 I and 133 I in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 0730 hours on November 3, 1964, and lasted for seven hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KG)

74 65
65 Page 66 67
Test: HANDCAR
Date: 11/ 05/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,322 ft
Location: NTS U10b Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 12 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.4 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.5
133 Xe in curies: 5.5

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from surface ground zero cables at H time, lasting for three hours, and at H+16 hours, lasting for eight hours.

A drillback release from the ventilation system occurred at 2030 hours on December 1, 1964, and lasted for eight days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (J6)
Test: CREPE
Date: 12/ 05/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1315 PST Depth of Burial: 1,326 ft
Location: NTS U2q Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 6.1
135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from: (1) the ventilation system at 1830 hours on December 9, 1964, lasting for 2.6 days; (2) the crater at 2145 hours on December 9, 1964,
lasting for 1.3 days; and (3) the ventilation system at 1025 hours on December 13, 1964, lasting for one hour.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KH)

75 66
66 Page 67 68
Detonation: DRILL (SOURCE-LOWER) (simultaneous with DRILL [TARGET-UPPER], same hole)
Date: 12/ 05/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1315 PST Depth of Burial: 722 ft
Location: NTS U2ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 3.4 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.1 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 56 Mn, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 133 Xe, 133m
Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, 137 Cs, 138 Cs, and 142 La

Cloud Direction: Southerly; east of Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.62 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic
meter of air at Death Valley Junction, California, and 1.6 picocuries of 135 Xe per cubic meter of
air at Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.20 mR/ h on Highway 95, five miles east of Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1.1 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at
Shoshone, California; 300 picocuries of 131 I per kilogram, 300 picocuries of 133 I per kilogram,
and 60 picocuries of 132 I per kilogram were measured in vegetation samples five miles east of
Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at 17 miles south of Lathrop Wells, Nevada, on Highway 29

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.2 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 5.3
131 I in curies: less than 1.0
133 I in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the crater at H+20 minutes, lasting for 9.5 hours and at H+10 hours, lasting for 5.4 days. An EG& G NATS plane traced the effluent
south over the Mojave Desert east of Barstow, California, towards Yuma, Arizona.
A drillback release from the drilling rig occurred at 1500 hours on December 14, 1964, and lasted for 1.6 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (Z) (AT) (DI) (ED) (KI) (KJ) (UA)

76 67
67 Page 68 69
Test: PARROT
Date: 12/ 16/ 64 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1200 PST Depth of Burial: 591 ft
Location: NTS U3dk Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 1.3 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Cloud Direction: Northerly over Highway 25 (Nevada)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 74 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at 12 miles northwest of Hancock Summit, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.14 mR/ h along Highway 25
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 0.6 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter at
Warm Springs Ranch, Nevada, and 6.6 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Indian
Springs, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.015 mR/ h at 22 miles south of Sunnyside, Nevada, on Sunnyside Road

Release Summary: The PARROT test released radioactive effluent that was characterized by an
initial burst followed by a continuous leaking of a relatively small amount of activity. The test
release started at H+10 minutes and lasted for approximately eight days. The mechanism of this
release was later found to be a crack in the LOS pipe below the surface. The release was
approximately 45% 138 Cs, 45% 85m Kr, and 10% 135 Xe (with traces of iodines).

References: (B) (D) (E) (G) (H) (Z) (AT) (EE) (EF) (FB) (GX) (GY) (KJ) (L3) (MB)

Test: MUDPACK
Date: 12/ 16/ 64 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1210 PST Depth of Burial: 498 ft
Location: NTS U10n Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 2.7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

77 68
68 Page 69 70
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 5.4 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.0
135 Xe in curies: less than 1.0
131 I, 133 I, and 135 I in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the crater area at 1030 hours on December 19, 1964, and lasted for 12 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KK) (KL)
Test: SULKY
Date: 12/ 18/ 64 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1135 PST Depth of Burial: 90 ft
Location: NTS U18d Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 92 tons
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 89 Sr, 91 Sr, 91 Y, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135
I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, 138 Cs, 139 Ba, and 140 Ba

Cloud Direction: Northerly, between Clark Station and Nyala, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected in air samples.

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.06 mR/ h at Nyala, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in air, milk, or water
samples.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h on Highway 6, 19 miles west of Lockes, Nevada

Release Summary: The planned test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+1 second and lasted for 35 days.
References: (C) (E) (G) (H) (AT) (DJ) (GY)

78 69
69 Page 70 71
Test: WOOL
Date: 01/ 14/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 706 ft
Location: NTS U9bh Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.9

133m Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 2
135 I in curies: less than 1.0

other isotopes in curies: less than 1.0
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the surface ground zero casing at 1730 hours on January 14, 1965, lasting for 2.5 hours, and from the ventilation system at 0150 hours

on January 15, 1965, lasting for 3.3 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KM)

Test: TERN
Date: 01/ 29/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1022 PST Depth of Burial: 689 ft
Location: NTS U3dw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+6.7 hours and lasted for approximately 4.6 days.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AT)

79 70
70 Page 71 72
Test: CASHMERE
Date: 02/ 04/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 762 ft
Location: NTS U2ad Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.9
133 Xe in curies: 7.8

133m Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0300 hours on February 14, 1965, and lasted for 4.2 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (TW)
Test: ALPACA
Date: 02/ 12/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0710 PST Depth of Burial: 737 ft
Location: NTS U2a Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 330 tons
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 89 Kr, 89 Sr, 89 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 137 Xe, 138
Xe, 137 Cs, and 138 Cs

Cloud Direction: Southerly direction to Highway 95 (Nevada)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 19 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Barstow, California

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at the junction of Highway 95 and the Mercury turnoff
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in air, milk, or vegetation
samples.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Readings were at background levels; 0.004 mR/ h at Johnnie's Mine, Nevada

80 71
71 Page 72 73
Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the surface ground zero area at H hour, lasting for 30 minutes, at H+30 minutes, lasting for three hours, and at H+3.5 hours, lasting for five
hours.
References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (Z) (AT) (GZ) (KN) (MC)

Test: MERLIN
Date: 02/ 16/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0930 PST Depth of Burial: 971 ft
Location: NTS U3ct Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 10.1 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Trace
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area started at H+13.5 hours and lasted for 5 days.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AT)
Test: WISHBONE
Date: 02/ 18/ 65 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 0818 PST Depth of Burial: 588 ft
Location: NTS U5a Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.9 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135
Xe

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 4
133 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 4

133m Xe in curies: 4.7
135 Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 3
131 I in curies: 1.3
133 I in curies: 1.5 x 10 1
135 I in curies: 2.6 x 10 1

81 72
72 Page 73 74
Release Summary: Test releases occurred from surface ground zero as follows: (1) at H+4 minutes, lasting for 20 minutes; (2) at H+135 minutes, lasting for 6.4 hours; and (3) at
H+12.6 hours, lasting for 4.6 hours.
Drillback releases occurred from: (1) the drilling rig at 0415 hours on February 19, 1965, lasting for nine days; (2) the ventilation system at 0905 hours on February 19, 1965, lasting for

46 hours; (3) the ventilation system at 1730 hours on February 25, 1965, lasting for 37 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KO) (KP) (KQ) (MD)

Test: SEERSUCKER
Date: 02/ 19/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0728 PST Depth of Burial: 472 ft
Location: NTS U9bm Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 4.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.9 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 1

iodines, in curies: less than 1.0
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+9 minutes and lasted for 22 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 2335 hours on February 20, 1965, and lasted for 31.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (UI)
Test: WAGTAIL
Date: 03/ 03/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1113 PST Depth of Burial: 2,461 ft
Location: NTS U3an Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

82 73
73 Page 74 75
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.3 x 10 1

131 I in curies: 3.0 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 2.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred on March 10, 1965.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AT) (J4)

Test: SUEDE
Date: 03/ 20/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0723 PST Depth of Burial: 469 ft
Location: NTS U9bk Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 9.6 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 5.7 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.2 x 10 2
131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -1
133 I in curies: 1.6
135 I in curies: 8.9 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A release occurred from the drilling rig at 1445 hours on March 21, 1965, lasting for 15.5 hours. Another drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 2330
hours on March 21, 1965, lasting for 21 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (UP)

Test: CUP
Date: 03/ 26/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0734 PST Depth of Burial: 1,761 ft
Location: NTS U9cb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

83 74
74 Page 75 76
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.7 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 4.3 x 10 3

133m Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 2
135 Xe in curies: 2.3 x 10 2
131 I in curies: 3.0 x 10 -1
133 I in curies: 7.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from: (1) the ventilation system at 1450 hours on March 29, 1965, lasting for 89 hours; (2) the drilling rig at 1520 hours on April 3, 1965,
lasting for eight hours; and (3) the ventilation system at 2120 hours on April 4, 1965, lasting for 6.3 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KR)
Test: KESTREL
Date: 04/ 05/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1300 PST Depth of Burial: 1,467 ft
Location: NTS U3dd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.3 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 1.9 x 10 -1
131 I in curies: 2.9 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 9.0 x 10 -2
135 I in curies: 2.9 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred on April 10, 1965, beginning at 0535 hours and lasting for 16.5 hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AT) (J7)

84 75
75 Page 76 77
Test: PALANQUIN
Date: 04/ 14/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0514 PST Depth of Burial: 280 ft
Location: NTS U20k Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Crater Yield: 4.3 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 7
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 91 Sr, 91m Y, 95 Zr/ 95 Nb, 97 Zr/ 97 Nb, 99 Mo, 99 Tc, 131 I, 133 I, 135
I, 135 Xe, and 140 Ba/ 140 La

Cloud Direction: Northerly to Pine Creek Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 23,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Clark Station, Nevada (populated site); highest concentration in an unpopulated

site, 87,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Highway 6, eight miles east of the Tonopah Test Range Road

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 3 mR/ h at Stone Cabin Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 32,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air,
16,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 4,100 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of
air at Clark Station, Nevada (populated site); highest concentration in an unpopulated site,
12,000 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air, 65,000 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air
and 160,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at Highway 6, eight miles east of the
Tonopah Test Range Road; highest 131 I concentration in milk, 11,000 picocuries per liter at
Martin Ranch near Eureka, Nevada; no children present

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.03 mR/ h at Council, Idaho
Release Summary: The planned test release occurred at the surface ground zero area at H hour and lasted for one minute.

References: (C) (E) (H) (M) (AT) (DK) (GY) (KS)
Test: GUM DROP
Date: 04/ 21/ 65 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1400 PST Depth of Burial: 1,000 ft
Location: NTS U16a. 02 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Controlled and Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

85 76
76 Page 77 78
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 3
Isotopes Detected in Release: Primarily 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 -1
133 Xe and 133m Xe in curies: 2.3 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A controlled, filtered ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred between H+3.5 hours and H+34 hours. Activity was primarily noble gases (xenon-135).

A drillback release from the ventilation system occurred at 0130 hours on May 2, 1965, and lasted for 66 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (AT) (KT) (KU) (L4)
Test: CHENILLE
Date: 04/ 22/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0539 PST Depth of Burial: 459 ft
Location: NTS U9bg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.3 x 10 -1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.1 x 10 2
133 Xe and 133m Xe in curies: less than 2.0 x 10 1

135 Xe in curies: less than 9.0 x 10 1
131 I, 133 I, and 135 I in curies: 3.8 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the emplacement casing at H+50 minutes and
lasted for 17 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 0630 hours on April 23, 1965, and lasted for nine hours. A second release occurred from the ventilation system at 1020 hours on April 23,

1965, and lasted for 11.6 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AT) (U6)

86 77
77 Page 78 79
Test: TEE
Date: 05/ 07/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0847 PDT Depth of Burial: 624 ft
Location: NTS U2ab Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 24 Na, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 91 Kr, 91 Sr, 122 Sb, 124 Sb, 131 I, 133 I , 135 I, 132
I/ 132 Te, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 139 Xe, 140 Xe, 138 Cs, 139 Ba, and 140 Ba

Cloud Direction: Southerly to Highway 95 (Nevada)
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 28 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at four miles east of the junction of Highway 95 and Mercury turnoff.

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.05 mR/ h at four miles east of the Mercury turnoff on Highway 95
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: None was detected in air samples. Iodine-133 was detected on sage brush near the junction of Highway 95 and Mercury turnoff.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.05 mR/ h at 14 miles south of the Mercury turnoff on Highway 95
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 9.1

133m Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 1
133 I in curies: low levels

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the LOS pipe at surface ground zero at H+1.2 minutes, lasting for six minutes and from the surface ground zero area at H+8 minutes,
lasting for 107 hours.
A drillback release from the ventilation system occurred at 1400 hours on May 9, 1965, and lasted for three hours.

References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (P) (Z) (AT) (EG) (FC) (GY) (HA) (KV)

87 78
78 Page 79 80
Test: TWEED
Date: 05/ 21/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0608 PDT Depth of Burial: 922 ft
Location: NTS U9bn Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.3 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 8.6
135 Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 2
131 I in curies: 1.4 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 6.8 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation system at 1300 hours on May 22, 1965, lasting for four days, and from the drilling rig at 0700 hours on May 25, 1965,
lasting for five days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (KW)

Test: ORGANDY
Date: 06/ 11/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1328 PDT Depth of Burial: 551 ft
Location: NTS U9bo Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 7.5

133m Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 4.5

iodines, in curies: less than 1.0
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 2215 hours on June 11, 1965, and lasted for 39 hours. A second release from the ventilation system occurred at

1100 hours on June 12, 1965, and lasted for 38 hours.

88 79
79 Page 80 81
References: (C) (E) (H) (AT) (UW)
Test: DILUTED WATERS
Date: 06/ 16/ 65 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 0930 PDT Depth of Burial: 625 ft
Location: NTS U5b Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 99 Mo, 103 Ru, 105 Ru, 131 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 135 Xe, 138
Cs, 139 Ba, 140 Ba/ 140 La, 141 Ce, and kryptons

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly to Highway 25
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 7.6 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Nyala, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h just off the Test Range Complex
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 130 picocuries of 131 I per liter in milk at Duckwater, Nevada; probably not attributable to this test as no short-lived iodines were found*
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h just off the Test Range Complex
Release Summary: Venting occurred at zero time until H+20 minutes due to a stemming failure. There was a gross fission product release.

References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (K) (L) (P) (Z) (AT) (EW) (GY) (HB) (HC) (ME) ______________________________
*Two tests occurred prior to the DILUTED WATERS test that were probably responsible for the 131
I found in milk samples collected for DILUTED WATERS. One test was the detonation of
a nuclear device on the Chinese mainland on May 14, 1965, and the other was a test of a
nuclear rocket engine at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station on May 20, 1965. The iodine
isotopes found in milk samples subsequent to the DILUTED WATERS test were probably the
result of the three tests, and it is not possible to assess the exact contribution from any one
source.

89 80
80 Page 81 82
Test: TINY TOT
Date: 06/ 17/ 65 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 364 ft
Location: NTS U15e Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Uncontrolled

Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, 138 Cs, and iodines
Release Summary: A test release began from the area of the shaft and cables at H+15 minutes and lasted for 14.8 hours. Seepage occurred through the shaft and at the cables.

References: (B) (E) (H) (L) (AT) (KX) (KY)
Test: IZZER
Date: 07/ 16/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0604 PDT Depth of Burial: 535 ft
Location: NTS U9bp Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -4

133m Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0200 hours on July 17, 1965, and lasted for one hour.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (UY)

90 81
81 Page 82 83
Test: PONGEE
Date: 07/ 22/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0621 PDT Depth of Burial: 440 ft
Location: NTS U2ah Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 91 Sr, 91 Kr, 135 I, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, 139 Xe, 140 Xe, 138 Cs, 139 Ba,
and 140 Ba

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.2
133 Xe in curies: 1.4

133m Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 2.8

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the ground zero area at H+1.4 minutes and lasted for 11.5 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0300 hours on July 24, 1965, and lasted for one hour.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (UX) (V2)
Test: BRONZE
Date: 07/ 23/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,742 ft
Location: NTS U7f Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 3

135 Xe in curies: 2.2
131 I in curies: 2.3 x 10 -1
133 I in curies: 2.3 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A release from the drilling pipe occurred at 1610 hours on July 29, 1965.

91 82
82 Page 83 84
References: (B) (E) (H) (AU) (TU)
Test: TICKING
Date: 08/ 21/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0643 PDT Depth of Burial: 682 ft
Location: NTS U9bj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.6 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 3

133m Xe in curies: 6.3 x 10 1
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 3
131 I in curies: 1.6 x 10 -1
132 I in curies: 1.7
133 I in curies: 1.3 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1400 hours on August 23, 1965, lasting for two hours. A second release occurred from the drilling rig at
0630 hours on August 23, 1965, lasting for 16.25 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (V0)

Test: CENTAUR
Date: 08/ 27/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0651 PDT Depth of Burial: 564 ft
Location: NTS U2ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.7 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 9.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 1

92 83
83 Page 84 85
131 I in curies: 2.2 x 10 -3
132 I in curies: 2.5 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 6.5 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+5 minutes and lasted for ten minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig at 0420 hours on August 29, 1965, and lasted for 1.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (KZ)
Detonation: SCREAMER (simultaneous with MOA, separate holes)
Date: 09/ 01/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1308 PDT Depth of Burial: 991 ft
Location: NTS U3dg Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.3 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Release Summary: A release occurred at H+30 minutes and lasted for 25 hours.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AU) (UF)

Test: ELKHART
Date: 09/ 17/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0808 PDT Depth of Burial: 720 ft
Location: NTS 9bs Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.3
135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1300 hours on September 18, 1965, and lasted for 4.75 days.

93 84
84 Page 85 86
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LA)
Test: SEPIA
Date: 11/ 12/ 65 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 791 ft
Location: NTS U3en Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.7 x 10 -3
131 I in curies: 1.1 x 10 -3

133 I in curies: 3.5 x 10 -3
135 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred on November 16, 1965.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AU)

Test: KERMET
Date: 11/ 23/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1017 PST Depth of Burial: 643 ft
Location: NTS U2c Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 5.5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 9.0

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 9.0

Release Summary: A test release (seepage) occurred from the surface ground zero area beginning at 2100 hours on November 23, 1965, and lasting for 15 hours.

Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1700 hours on November 24, 1965, lasting for six hours, and from the ventilation line on November 29, 1965, lasting for four hours.

94 85
85 Page 86 87
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AU) (V1)
Test: CORDUROY
Date: 12/ 03/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0713 PST Depth of Burial: 2,236 ft
Location: NTS U10k Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 3

133m Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 1
135 Xe in curies: 2.8 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1400 hours on December 8, 1965, and lasted for 11.9 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LB)
Test: EMERSON
Date: 12/ 16/ 65 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0739 PST Depth of Burial: 853 ft
Location: NTS U2al Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Less than 7.5 x 10 -2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.7 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 5.4 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+7.7 minutes
and lasted for one minute.

A drillback release from the ventilation system occurred at 1700 hours on December 19, 1965, and lasted for 2.2 days.

95 86
86 Page 87 88
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LC) (MF)
Test: MAXWELL
Date: 01/ 13/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0737 PST Depth of Burial: 601 ft
Location: NTS U9br Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.4
133 Xe in curies: 3.0

133m Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0700 hours on January 15, 1966, and lasted for 4.3 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LD)
Test: SIENNA
Date: 01/ 18/ 66 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1035 PST Depth of Burial: 902 ft
Location: NTS U3cj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.4 x 10 -3
131 I in curies: 1.6 x 10 -3

133 I in curies: 5.6 x 10 -3
135 I in curies: 2.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred at 0900 hours on January 20, 1966. The above activity was noted on an area air sampler.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AU) (UL)

96 87
87 Page 88 89
Test: REO
Date: 01/ 22/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0717 PST Depth of Burial: 682 ft
Location: NTS U10m Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 133 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 6.1 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the cables at H+2 hours and lasted for 15 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system beginning at 0943 hours on January 27, 1966, and lasted for 4.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (QA)
Test: PLAID II
Date: 02/ 03/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1017 PST Depth of Burial: 886 ft
Location: NTS U2r Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe, 139 Xe, 138 Cs, and 139 Ba
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 5.1

97 88
88 Page 89 90
131 I in curies: 1.9 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 7.6 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+20 minutes and lasted for 29 minutes.

Drillback releases occurred from the surface ground zero area at 1445 hours on February 5, 1966, lasting for 3.1 days, and from the ventilation system at 2220 hours on
February 5, 1966, lasting for 2.2 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LE) (MG)

Test: REX
Date: 02/ 24/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0755 PST Depth of Burial: 2,204 ft
Location: NTS UE20h Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 19 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.1 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 7.1
135 Xe in curies: 4.6 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0150 hours on March 2, 1966, and lasted for five days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (JJ)
Test: RED HOT
Date: 03/ 05/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 1015 PST Depth of Burial: 1,329 ft
Location: NTS U12g. 06 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Uncontrolled

Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: krypton, xenons, 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly

98 89
89 Page 90 91
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.69 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Elko, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background were measured.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 19 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
81 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Lathrop Wells, Nevada, and 80 picocuries of 135 I
per cubic meter of air at 18 miles west of Clark Station, Nevada, on Highway 6

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Ground level readings were not above background radiation levels. However, a cloud tracking mission detected activity in the vicinity
of Dubuque, Iowa.
Release Summary: Two releases occurred as follows:

1. An uncontrolled release occurred from H+7 minutes until H+110 minutes. Seepage was
observed coming from the portal immediately after zero time. At H+7 minutes, the tunnel
ventilation system was turned on and continued to operate until H+110 minutes when it was
apparent that the filter system was nonfunctional. The ventilation system was then turned off.

2. An uncontrolled release occurred at H+2 hours and continued seeping from the tunnel portal
until H+20 hours when the majority of the release was over. Seepage from the portal
continued for several days but did not significantly contribute to the magnitude of the release.
The released effluent was predominantly noble gases, but approximately 2,000 curies of 135 I,
500 curies of 133 I, and 20 curies of 131 I were also observed.

References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (L) (P) (R) (Z) (AU) (EH) (EY) (HD) (NY) (PA)

Detonation: FINFOOT (simultaneous with CINNAMON, separate holes)
Date: 03/ 07/ 66 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1041 PST Depth of Burial: 640 ft
Location: NTS U3du Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 -5
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+2 minutes and lasted for approximately ten minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (J) (AU)

99 90
90 Page 91 92
Test: CLYMER
Date: 03/ 12/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1004 PST Depth of Burial: 1,306 ft
Location: NTS U9ce Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 8.0
135 Xe in curies: 9.3 x 10 1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation system at 1900 hours on March 13, 1966, lasting for 2.6 days, and at 1405 hours on March 23, 1966, lasting for six hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LF)
Test: TEMPLAR
Date: 03/ 24/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0655 PST Depth of Burial: 495 ft
Location: NTS U9bt Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at R+12 Hours*, in Curies: 7.5 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Two releases occurred from the ventilation line.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LG) ______________________________

*Drillback release activity at the time of release is not available.

100 91
91 Page 92 93
Test: STUTZ
Date: 04/ 06/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0557 PST Depth of Burial: 739 ft
Location: NTS U2ca Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 2.8 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1100 hours on April 8, 1966, and lasted for 2.4 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LH)
Test: DURYEA
Date: 04/ 14/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0613 PST Depth of Burial: 1,786 ft
Location: NTS U20a Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 70 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7
133 Xe in curies: 1.6

133m Xe in curies: 4.8 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1935 hours on April 17, 1966, and lasted for 1.5 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (CE) (AU) (LJ)

101 92
92 Page 93 94
Test: FENTON
Date: 04/ 23/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0655 PST Depth of Burial: 549 ft
Location: NTS U2m Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 1.4 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: Fresh fission products were not detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities were detected above background levels.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in any samples.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radioactivity above background levels was detected by ground monitoring instruments. However, radioactivity was detected by aerial
monitoring at Baker, California.
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 8.3 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 5.9
135 Xe in curies: 8.8 x 10 2
131 I in curies: 5.6 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 2.4
135 I in curies: 7.3

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the access shaft at H+ 1.5 minutes, lasting for
three minutes.

Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1400 hours on April 24, 1966, lasting for 24.4 days and from the crater at 1200 hours on April 23, 1966, lasting for 4.8 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (S) (Z) (AU) (EV) (G0) (J0)

102 93
93 Page 94 95
Test: PIN STRIPE
Date: 04/ 25/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 1138 PDT Depth of Burial: 971 ft
Location: NTS U11b Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: kryptons, xenons, 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly; winds shifted 180 degrees by April 27 and radiation was detected as far as Indio, California

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 25,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Ash Springs, Nevada (populated site); highest concentration in an unpopulated
site, 50,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at 6.5 miles west of Hancock Summit, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 8.0 mR/ h at 18 miles northeast of Groom Lake, Nevada (unpopulated); 1.5 mR/ h at Hiko, Nevada (populated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 38,000 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air in
Ash Springs, Nevada (populated site); highest concentration at an unpopulated site, 94,000
picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at 18 miles northeast of Groom Lake, Nevada; highest
concentration of 131 I in a domestic water supply, 3,900 picocuries per liter from an open tank at
Hiko, Nevada; highest concentration of 131 I in a single milk sample, 4,800 picocuries per liter,
and highest concentration of 133 I, 12,000 picocuries per liter at Schofield Dairy at Hiko, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.05 mR/ h at Pioche, Nevada
Release Summary: Test releases from a fissure near surface ground zero occurred at H+1 minute and at H+7 hours. The releases lasted for 3.5 minutes and 14 hours, respectively. Gross

fission products were released as a result of this venting.
References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (L) (M) (P) (R) (Z) (AU) (DL) (DM) (E2) (LK) (LL) (PB)

Test: TRAVELER
Date: 05/ 04/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0632 PDT Depth of Burial: 646 ft
Location: NTS U2cd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

103 94
94 Page 95 96
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 6.3 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 2.8

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1315 on May 6, 1966, and lasted for 2.1 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LM)
Test: TAPESTRY
Date: 05/ 12/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1237 PDT Depth of Burial: 811 ft
Location: NTS U2an Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.2 x 10 3
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 3

133m Xe in curies: 3.2 x 10 1
135 Xe in curies: 8.5 x 10 2

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at approximately H+1.1 hours and lasted for 57.3 hours.

A drillback release from the ventilation line occurred at 1600 hours on May 13, 1966, and lasted for 49.5 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (P) (AU) (LN)
Test: DUMONT
Date: 05/ 19/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0656 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,201 ft
Location: NTS U2t Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

104 95
95 Page 96 97
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 5.4 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0630 hours on May 26, 1966, and lasted for 13.2 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LO)
Test: PILE DRIVER
Date: 06/ 02/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,519 ft
Location: NTS U15a. 01 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: 62 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Uncontrolled

Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.7 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe
Release Summary: An uncontrolled test release occurred as the result of seepage from the surface ground zero area at H+ 12 hours and lasted for 11 hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (L) (P) (R) (AU) (LP)
Test: DOUBLE PLAY
Date: 06/ 15/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U16a. 03 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Offsite Type of Controlled, Uncontrolled Detected: (Uncontrolled Release: and Drillback

Only)
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 4
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.6 x 10 4

Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 8.0 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: Noble gases and radioiodines
Cloud Direction: Northeasterly for about 200 miles

105 96
96 Page 97 98
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.83 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Hiko, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above normal background levels were measured.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1.9 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air,
1.2 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 5.6 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at
Hiko, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation readings above background levels were measured.

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.1 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 9.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Four test releases occurred as follows:
1. Seepage from cable holes occurred at H+12 minutes until H+28 hours. Primarily noble gases were released.

2. Leakage from the portal occurred at H+5 minutes until H+50 hours. Noble gases and radioiodines were released.
3. A controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex with effluent passing through the filter system occurred at H+50 hours until H+51.6 hours.
4. A controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex was restarted at H+53.6 hours because of a buildup of explosive gases, and ventilation continued until the tunnel was cleared.
A drillback release from the vent line occurred at 1800 hours on August 2, 1966, and lasted for
four days.

References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (L) (P) (R) (X) (Z) (AU) (EI) (EJ) (HE) (LR)

Test: KANKAKEE
Date: 06/ 15/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1102 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,494 ft
Location: NTS U10p Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 4.2
135 Xe in curies: 3.6

106 97
97 Page 98 99
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0730 hours on June 17, 1966, and lasted for five days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LQ)
Test: VULCAN
Date: 06/ 25/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1013 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,057 ft
Location: NTS U2bd Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 25 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 6.3 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.9
135 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1100 hours June 27, 1966, and lasted for 2.4 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LS)
Test: SAXON
Date: 07/ 28/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0833 PDT Depth of Burial: 502 ft
Location: NTS U2cc Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 3.8 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0045 hours on July 29, 1966, and lasted for 3.1 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LT)

107 98
98 Page 99 100
Test: ROVENA
Date: 08/ 10/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0616 PDT Depth of Burial: 641 ft
Location: NTS U10s Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9
133 Xe in curies: 1.0

133m Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 8.3 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1500 hours on August 12, 1966, and lasted for 20 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (LU) (LV)
Test: DERRINGER
Date: 09/ 12/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ SC/ LASL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 837 ft
Location: NTS U5i Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 7.8 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, kryptons, and xenons

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly for about 150 miles until the cloud was undetectable
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.003 mR/ h at Hancock Summit,
Nevada, and ten miles southeast of Coyote Summit, Nevada

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine was detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.003 mR/ h at Hancock Summit, Nevada, and at ten miles southeast of Coyote Summit, Nevada

Release Summary: Test releases from the shaft area occurred at H+1 minute and at H+50 minutes and lasted for 14 minutes and 47.1 hours, respectively. The effluent contained

108 99
99 Page 100 101
noble gases and radioiodines (152 curies of 135 I, 41 curies of 133 I, and 1.5 curies of 131 I at the time of release).
References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (L) (M) (P) (R) (Z) (AV) (FD) (HF) (HG) (LW)
Test: NEWARK
Date: 09/ 29/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0745 PDT Depth of Burial: 750 ft
Location: NTS U10u Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 7.0
135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1850 hours on October 1, 1966, and lasted for 15 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (LX)
Test: SIMMS
Date: 11/ 05/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0645 PST Depth of Burial: 650 ft
Location: NTS U10w Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 8.5

133m Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.9
131 I in curies: 9.0 x 10 -3
133 I in curies: 1.8 x 10 -2

109 100
100 Page 101 102
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1725 hours on November 6, 1966, lasting for 46 hours, and from the drilling rig at 0705 hours on
November 7, 1966, lasting for 47.7 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AU) (LY)

Test: AJAX
Date: 11/ 11/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0400 PST Depth of Burial: 782 ft
Location: NTS U9al Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.4 x 10 -1
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -1

135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+12 minutes, lasting for four minutes, and from cables at the Red Shack area at H+33 minutes, lasting for four
minutes.
A drillback release from the ventilation line occurred at 0240 hours on November 15, 1966, and lasted for five minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (LZ)
Test: CERISE
Date: 11/ 18/ 66 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0702 PST Depth of Burial: 692 ft
Location: NTS U3eu Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: xenons, kryptons, and 88 Rb
Release Summary: No test release was detectable, but an air sample taken inside the surface ground zero casing showed detectable xenon, krypton, and rubidium-88.

110 101
101 Page 102 103
References: (B) (E) (H) (AV) (TX)
Test: VIGIL
Date: 11/ 22/ 66 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 299 ft
Location: NTS U10ad Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 -3
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+4 minutes and lasted for six minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (V3)
Test: SIDECAR
Date: 12/ 13/ 66 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0950 PST Depth of Burial: 788 ft
Location: NTS U3ez Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.1 x 10 -2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, and 135 I
Release Summary: All activity from this release was attributed to the catcher pull.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AV) (UK)

Test: NEW POINT
Date: 12/ 13/ 66 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1300 PST Depth of Burial: 784 ft
Location: NTS U11c Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0

111 102
102 Page 103 104
Release Summary: Seepage from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+7 hours through H+9 hours. Primarily noble gases were released.
References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (X) (L0) (AV)
Test: NASH
Date: 01/ 19/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0845 PST Depth of Burial: 1,194 ft
Location: NTS U2ce Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 39 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.9 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Southwesterly; within a few miles aircraft could not detect the cloud
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 2.6 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Nyala, Nevada*

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.14 mR/ h at 21 miles west of the Mercury turnoff on Highway 95 (Nevada)*
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1.2 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at
Clark Station, Nevada*

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at the Diablo Maintenance Station, Nevada (exposure rate recorder measurement)

Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area of the crater began at H+9. 25 hours on January 19, 1967, and lasted for 41 hours.
References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (P) (Z) (AV) (DN) (HH) (M0)
________________________
*Data recorded was attributed to radioactive debris from an atmospheric Chinese nuclear test
conducted on December 27, 1966.

Test: RIVET II
Date: 01/ 26/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 646 ft
Location: NTS U10z Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

112 103
103 Page 104 105
Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.8 x 10 -2
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at zero time and lasted for 20 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (UE)
Test: RIVET III
Date: 03/ 02/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 890 ft
Location: NTS U10y Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Trace
iodines: trace
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1535 hours on March 7, 1967, and lasted for 63 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AV) (MI)
Test: MUSHROOM
Date: 03/ 03/ 67 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0719 PST Depth of Burial: 587 ft
Location: NTS U3ef Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.8 x 10 -1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: All activity from this release was attributed to the catcher pull.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AV) (V4)

113 104
104 Page 105 106
Test: OAKLAND
Date: 04/ 04/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0620 PST Depth of Burial: 542 ft
Location: NTS U2bi Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.1
135 Xe in curies: 8.1 x 10 1

Release Summary: Nine intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line system beginning at 1510 hours on April 5, 1967, and lasting for a total of approximately 4 hours
over a 30-hour period.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (V5)

Test: HEILMAN
Date: 04/ 06/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 499 ft
Location: NTS U2cg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.1 x 10 -2
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.3
133 Xe in curies: 8.1

133m Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at zero time and
lasted for 41 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 1735 hours on April 14, 1967, and lasted for 45 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AV) (V6)

114 105
105 Page 106 107
Test: COMMODORE
Date: 05/ 20/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,449 ft
Location: NTS U2am Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 250 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0
iodines: trace
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig cellar at 1705 hours on May 28, 1967, and lasted for 70 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (M2)
Test: KNICKERBOCKER
Date: 05/ 26/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,069 ft
Location: NTS U20d Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 76 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation system at 0115 hours on June 16, 1967, and lasted for 5.6 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (M3)
Test: SWITCH
Date: 06/ 22/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0610 PDT Depth of Burial: 990 ft
Location: NTS U9bv Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

115 106
106 Page 107 108
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0
133 Xe in curies: less than 1.0

iodines: trace

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig cellar at 0725 hours on June 30, 1967, and lasted for 8.6 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AV) (M4)
Test: MIDI MIST
Date: 06/ 26/ 67 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,240 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 02 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Offsite Type of Detected: (Controlled Only) Release: Controlled and Drillback

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.5 x 10 3
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Northerly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities were detected above background levels.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Northerly, toward the east side of the crest of the Belted Range, just off the NTS

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A controlled, filtered ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from H+4. 67 hours until H+24 hours. Radioactivity was detected off the NTS by aircraft only.

A drillback release from the ventilation line occurred at 0220 hours on July 22, 1967, and lasted for about one hour.
References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (P) (X) (AV) (EK) (HI) (HJ) (M5)

116 107
107 Page 108 109
Test: UMBER
Date: 06/ 29/ 67 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0425 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,017 ft
Location: NTS U3em Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 10 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.6 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Southwesterly; tracked by aircraft for 90 to 100 miles where it became undetectable

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.25 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at 10 miles east of Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.7 mR/ h at the junction of Highway 95 and State Road 16 (Ash Meadows, Nevada turnoff)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 80 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air and
8.0 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air 10 miles east of Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.03 to 0.1 mR/ h at Death Valley Junction and Shoshone, California

Release Summary: A test release from the LOS pipe occurred at H+17 minutes and lasted for six days.
References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (P) (Z) (AV) (HK) (J3)
Test: STANLEY
Date: 07/ 27/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,587 ft
Location: NTS U10q Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.7 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.1
135 Xe in curies: 5.3 x 10 -1

117 108
108 Page 109 110
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 2125 hours on July 31, 1967, and lasted for 2.7 days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (M6)
Test: WASHER
Date: 08/ 10/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0710 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,536 ft
Location: NTS U10r Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.7 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 9.2 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0613 hours on August 13, 1967, and lasted for ten minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (M7)
Test: LEXINGTON
Date: 08/ 24/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 741 ft
Location: NTS U2bm Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling and Drillback

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Kr and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8

133m Xe in curies: 4.4 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.2

other, in curies: 1.0 x 10 1

118 109
109 Page 110 111
Release Summary: A release occurred during postshot gas sampling operations between 0845 hours and 1300 hours on August 24, 1967.
A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1737 hours on August 25, 1967, and lasted for 22 minutes. A second release occurred from the "blooie" line (a hose used in the
drilling circulation system), accounting for 10 curies of the total release.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AW) (QB)

Test: DOOR MIST
Date: 08/ 31/ 67 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 0930 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,463 ft
Location: NTS U12g. 07 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Controlled and Uncontrolled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.9 x 10 5
Controlled Release Activity at R+12, in Curies: 3.5 x 10 5
Isotopes Detected in Release: 103 Ru, 106 Ru/ 106 Rh, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 135 Xe
Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 103 Ru, 106 Ru/ 106 Rh, 131 I, 133 I, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Northerly; tracked by aircraft for about 60 miles after which the cloud became undetectable

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 0.08 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Diablo, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.01 mR/ h at Diablo, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 2 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air and
2.3 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at Diablo, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.003 mR/ h at Clark Station, Nevada
Release Summary: Test releases occurred as follows:

1. Seepage occurred from H+0.5 until H+24 hours through cables to the cable splice building on the mesa. Release to the atmosphere (primarily noble gases) was noted from the cable splice

building.
2. Releases from the tunnel portal were from H+1.5 until H+3.5 hours and from H+6.2 until H+8 hours. These releases consisted primarily of the volatile fraction of gross fission

products (noble gases, iodines, and rutheniums).

119 110
110 Page 111 112
3. Releases during controlled, filtered ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from
H+3.5 until H+5.6 hours and from H+8 until H+72 hours. Effluent consisted of primarily
noble gases with small quantities of 135 I, 133 I, 131 I, 103 Ru, and 106 Ru/ 106 Rh.

References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (K) (L) (P) (Z) (AW) (EL) (EM) (HL) (HM) (M8) (M9)

Test: YARD
Date: 09/ 07/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0645 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,708 ft
Location: NTS U10af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.9 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 8.2 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 8.9 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 2220 hours on September 9, 1967, lasting for two minutes, and at 0135 hours on September 10, 1967, lasting
for three minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (L1)

Test: GILROY
Date: 09/ 15/ 67 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1030 PDT Depth of Burial: 787 ft
Location: NTS U3ex Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Trace
iodines: trace
Release Summary: A predrillback release began at 0840 hours on October 4, 1967. Traces of iodine were noted during the cable cutting. A drillback release occurred at 2125 hours on

October 8, 1967.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (V7)

120 111
111 Page 112 113
Test: MARVEL
Date: 09/ 21/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1345 PDT Depth of Burial: 572 ft
Location: NTS U10dS1 Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 2.2 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.7 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 133 I, 135 I, and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0
Release Summary: A test release from Cable Hole No. 5 occurred at 1850 hours on September 21, 1967, and lasted for 3.8 hours.

A drillback release from the drilling mud "blooie" line occurred at 1030 hours on September 23, 1967, and lasted for five days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N0)
Test: LANPHER
Date: 10/ 18/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,343 ft
Location: NTS U2x Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.3
133 Xe in curies: 5.2

133m Xe in curies: 8.6 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0400 hours on October 27, 1967, and lasted for 2.1 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N1)

121 112
112 Page 113 114
Test: COGNAC
Date: 10/ 25/ 67 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 787 ft
Location: NTS U3fm Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.4 x 10 -2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, and 135 I
Release Summary: All activity released was attributed to the cable pull. The release lasted for three days.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AW)
Test: SAZERAC
Date: 10/ 25/ 67 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 988 ft
Location: NTS U3fa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.2 x 10 -2
131 I in curies: 4.9 x 10 -3

132 I in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 2.7 x 10 -2
135 I in curies: 3.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred on October 26, 1967.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (OY)

122 113
113 Page 114 115
Test: WORTH
Date: 10/ 25/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0745 PDT Depth of Burial: 614 ft
Location: NTS U10ag Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.4 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.3
135 Xe in curies: 4.6

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1800 hours on October 28, 1967, and lasted for 40 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (UA)
Test: POLKA
Date: 12/ 06/ 67 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0500 PST Depth of Burial: 623 ft
Location: NTS U10ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling and Drillback

Gas Sampling Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.5 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 6.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 5.4 x 10 1

Release Summary: A release occurred during a prompt gas sampling operation on December 6, 1967, and lasted from 0725 to 1400 hours.

Four intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line starting at 1228 hours and lasting until 1715 hours on December 7, 1967, with a total release time of 1.7 hours, and two
intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line starting at 0910 hours and lasting until 1025 hours on December 19, 1967, with a total release time of 50 minutes.

123 114
114 Page 115 116
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (QC)
Test: HUPMOBILE
Date: 01/ 18/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0830 PST Depth of Burial: 810 ft
Location: NTS U2y Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 7.4 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Southwesterly, tracked by aircraft to the Death Valley, California, area where the cloud became undetectable

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 1,100 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Dansby's Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.7 mR/ h near Dansby's Ranch in the Amargosa Farm Area, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 1,600 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at
Dansby's Ranch, Nevada; maximum 133 I concentration in milk, 110 picocuries per liter at
Hord Ranch, Lathrop Wells, Nevada; maximum 131 I concentration in milk, 30 picocuries per
liter at Rooker Ranch, Lathrop Wells, Nevada; maximum 131 I concentration on a cow feed
sample, 480 picocuries per kilogram at Rooker Ranch, Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Release Summary: Venting from the LOS pipe at the surface ground zero area occurred at H+1.6 minutes and lasted for approximately 100 minutes.

References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (M) (P) (Z) (AW) (EN) (EO) (HN) (N2)
Test: STACCATO
Date: 01/ 19/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,455 ft
Location: NTS U10ah Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

124 115
115 Page 116 117
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.2
133 Xe in curies: 2.9

133m Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 5.2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0150 hours on January 21, 1968, and lasted for 27 hours, 45 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N3)
Test: BRUSH
Date: 01/ 24/ 68 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 388 ft
Location: NTS U3eq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 -5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe and 138 Cs
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+3 minutes from surface ground zero and lasted for five minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (U3)
Test: CABRIOLET
Date: 01/ 26/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 170 ft
Location: NTS U20l Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Crater Yield: 2.3 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 91 Sr, 131 I, 133 I, 134 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 133 Xe, 135
Xe, and 187 W

Cloud Direction: Northerly into southern Idaho, then northeast as far as Big Timber Mountain, Montana

125 116
116 Page 117 118
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 33,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Stone Cabin Ranch, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 65 mR/ h at Clark Station, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 360 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air and
5,400 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Stone Cabin Ranch, Nevada; 630 picocuries of 131
I per liter in milk at Mountain View Ranch, Deeth, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Detected on an air sampler at Wells, Nevada
Release Summary: The planned test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H time and lasted for one minute.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (DO) (DY) (DZ) (EP) (HP) (HQ)
Test: KNOX
Date: 02/ 21/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 2,116 ft
Location: NTS U2at Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 4.4
135 Xe in curies: 8.0

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 2340 hours on February 24, 1968, lasting for three hours and five minutes, and at 1720 hours on
February 27, 1968, lasting for three days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N4)

Test: RUSSET
Date: 03/ 05/ 68 Sponsor: LASL/ DoD
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 393 ft
Location: NTS U6a Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Vertical Shaft/ Yield: Less than 20 kt Tunnel

Release Type of Test and Special Detected: Onsite Only Release: Packaging Operation

126 117
117 Page 118 119
Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 138 Xe
Release Activity During Special Packaging Operation at Time of Release,
in Curies: 5.9 x 10 -5

235 U in curies: 2.4 x 10 -5

238 U in curies: 3.5 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A release occurred at H time and during a special packaging operation on April 23-24, 1974.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (EZ) (ST)
Detonations: BUGGY-A, -B, -C, -D, -E (simultaneous, separate holes)
Date: 03/ 12/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0904 PST Depth of Burial: 135 ft each
Location: NTS U30a-e Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Crater Yield: 1.08 kt each (5.4 kt total)

Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater
Test Release at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 91 Sr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 132 Te, 140 Ba, and 187 W

Cloud Direction: Northerly; tracked as far north as Montana
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 12,000 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Warm Springs, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 8.5 mR/ h at four miles east of Warm Springs (unpopulated area); 1.5 mR/ h at Warm Springs, Nevada (populated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 4,300 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air,
920 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air, and 97 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at
Warm Springs, Nevada; highest concentration of 131 I in milk, 550 picocuries per liter in samples
collected near Wells, Nevada, on March 15 and 16, 1968; second highest concentration of 131 I in
milk, 100 picocuries per liter in a sample collected near Pancake Summit, Nevada, on
March 15, 1968

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.15 mR/ h on Highway 40 in Wells, Nevada
Release Summary: The planned test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H time lasted for 2.5 minutes. It was not determined which detonation( s) released effluent.

127 118
118 Page 119 120
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (DP) (DY)
Test: MILK SHAKE
Date: 03/ 25/ 68 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1045 PST Depth of Burial: 869 ft
Location: NTS U5k Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
Release Summary: Seepage from a downhole cable occurred from H+7 minutes until H+1 hour.
References: (E) (H) (L) (AW) (E0)

Detonation: NOOR (simultaneous with THROW, separate holes)
Date: 04/ 10/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PST Depth of Burial: 1,253 ft
Location: NTS U2be Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4
133 Xe in curies: 1.2

133m Xe in curies: 4.4 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1340 hours on April 12, 1968, lasting for 40 minutes, and at 1400 hours on April 14, 1968, lasting for
30 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (UZ)

128 119
119 Page 120 121
Test: SHUFFLE
Date: 04/ 18/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0605 PST Depth of Burial: 1,619 ft
Location: NTS U10t Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 5.5 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 2330 hours on April 21, 1968, lasting for 110 minutes, and at 1315 hours on April 23, 1968, lasting for 70
minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N5)

Test: SCROLL
Date: 04/ 23/ 68 Sponsor: LRL/ ARPA
Time: 0901 PST Depth of Burial: 750 ft
Location: NTS U19n Purpose: Vela Uniform
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 137 Xe, 138
Xe, and 138 Cs

Release Summary: A test release from surface ground zero, Satellite No. 1, occurred at H+184 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW)

129 120
120 Page 121 122
Test: CROCK
Date: 05/ 08/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0710 PDT Depth of Burial: 594 ft
Location: NTS U10ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 9.6 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 4.1
135 Xe in curies: 3.7 x 10 1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 0220 hours on May 11, 1968, lasting for 115 minutes, and at 1300 hours on the same day, lasting for one hour.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (U8)
Test: ADZE
Date: 05/ 28/ 68 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0745 PDT Depth of Burial: 787 ft
Location: NTS U3fw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 7.0 x 10 -3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 I, 135 I, and 138 Xe
Release Summary: All activity released was attributed to the cable pull.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AW)

130 121
121 Page 122 123
Detonation: TUB-D (simultaneous with TUB-A, -B, -C, -F, separate holes)
Date: 06/ 06/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1430 PDT Depth of Burial: 896 ft
Location: NTSU10ajD Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A gas sampling release occurred from hole D on June 6, 1968, at approximately H+2 hours and lasted for two hours and five minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AW) (N6)
Test: FUNNEL
Date: 06/ 25/ 68 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 387 ft
Location: NTS U3ga Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 -5
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+3 minutes from surface ground zero.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (V8)

Test: SEVILLA
Date: 06/ 25/ 68 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,175 ft
Location: NTS U3fk Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 -3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe and 135 I

131 122
122 Page 123 124
Release Summary: The activity released was attributed to the cable pull.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AW) (UJ)

Test: TANYA
Date: 07/ 30/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,250 ft
Location: NTS U2dt Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.3 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 4.2
135 Xe in curies: 2.1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 2150 hours on August 3, 1968, lasting for one hour, and at 2310 hours, lasting for ten minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (N7)
Test: IMP
Date: 08/ 09/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 597 ft
Location: NTS U2bj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.2 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 88 Rb, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138
Cs

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the crater at 0803 hours on August 9, 1968, and lasted for 2.5 days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (V9)

132 123
123 Page 124 125
Test: RACK
Date: 08/ 15/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 655 ft
Location: NTS U9ap Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling and Drillback

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.5
Isotopes Identified in the Release:* 88 Kr and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.8 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A release occurred from the gas sampling line at 1208 hours on August 15, 1968, and lasted for 25 minutes.

A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0800 hours on August 17, 1968, and lasted for 30 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (UD) ____________________________
*Quantitative isotopic data is not available.

Test: DIANA MOON
Date: 08/ 27/ 68 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 0930 PDT Depth of Burial: 794 ft
Location: NTS U11e Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 135 Xe, and 138 Xe
Release Summary: Uncontrolled Releases occurred as follows:

1. Seepage from the surface ground zero area occurred from H+3 to H+17 minutes. Effluent
consisted primarily of 138 Xe with small quantities of 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I.

133 124
124 Page 125 126
2. Seepage from the surface ground zero area occurred from H+5 to H+13 hours. Effluent
consisted primarily of 135 Xe with small quantities of radioiodine.

Total radioiodines released from the DIANA MOON test were estimated to be 3.6 curies of 135 I,
2.1 curies of 133 I, and 0.1 curies of 131 I (at the time of release).

References: (B) (E) (H) (L) (P) (AX) (EX) (N8)

Test: NOGGIN
Date: 09/ 06/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,909 ft
Location: NTS U9bx Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 9.6 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 0940 hours on September 9, 1968, lasting for 140 minutes, and at 1415 hours on September 10, 1968, lasting
for 60 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (J1)

Test: STODDARD
Date: 09/ 17/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,535 ft
Location: NTS U2cmS Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 4.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.3 x 10 -1

134 125
125 Page 126 127
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1330 hours on September 21, 1968, lasting for 40 minutes, and at 1500 hours on September 22, 1968, lasting
for two hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (N9)

Test: HULA
Date: 10/ 29/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0836 PST Depth of Burial: 656 ft
Location: NTS U9bu Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Test, Gas Sampling, and Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 -2
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9
133 Xe in curies: 2.0

133m Xe in curies: 8.5 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 8.9 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the cables at 0920 hours on October 29, 1968, and lasted for one hour.

A planned release occurred from the gas sampling system at 1110 hours on October 29, 1968, and lasted for 35 minutes.
Two intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line starting at 2100 hours on October 31, 1968, for a total release time of two hours, and two intermittent drillback releases
occurred from the ventilation line starting at 0200 hours on November 1, 1968, for a total release time of 1.5 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AX) (VA)

135 126
126 Page 127 128
Test: TINDERBOX
Date: 11/ 22/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0819 PST Depth of Burial: 1,450 ft
Location: NTS U9az Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0
133 Xe in curies: 1.2

133m Xe in curies: 5.4 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 7.2 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 2140 hours on November 24, 1968, and lasted for 50 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (L5)
Test: SCHOONER
Date: 12/ 08/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 365 ft
Location: NTS U20u Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Crater Yield: 30 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test/ Crater

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.7 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 54 Mn, 106 Ru, 131 I, 137 Cs, 181 W, and 187 W

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly across Utah and Colorado; the base surged north to Idaho, then east across Montana and North Dakota

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 280,000 picocuries of 187 W per cubic meter of air at Clark Station, Nevada
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 350 mR/ h on Highway 25 (Nevada) near the Lincoln-Nye county line (unpopulated), and 8.5 mR/ h at the Diablo Maintenance
Station, Nevada (populated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 28 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air and
680 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Clark Station, Nevada; highest concentration of 135
I in air at Warm Springs, Nevada, 220 picocuries per cubic meter; highest concentration of

136 127
127 Page 128 129
131 I in milk, 100 picocuries per liter in a December 11, 1968, sample from the Boyd Schena
Ranch near Abraham, Utah

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.2 mR/ h at Delta, Utah
Release Summary: The planned test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H time and lasted for one minute.

References: (C) (E) (H) (M) (AX) (DQ)
Detonations: TYG-A, -B, -C (simultaneous with TYG-D, -E, and -F, separate holes)
Date: 12/ 12/ 68 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0710 PST Depth of Burial: U2dc4 (-A) 749 ft U2dc5 (-B) 824 ft

U2dc3 (-C) 749 ft
Location: NTS U2dc4 (-A) Purpose: Weapons Related NTS U2dc5 (-B)

NTS U2dc3 (-C)
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.8 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe and 135 Xe
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.6 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 7.8 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.2

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the U2dc4 (TYG A) surface ground zero area at H+4.75 hours, lasting for 19.25 hours and from the U2dc5 (TYG B) surface ground zero area at
H+26.4 hours, lasting for 23.2 hours.
Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line No. 3, U2dc3 (TYG C), at 1450 hours on December 15, 1968, lasting for 40 minutes; at 1530 hours on December 19, 1968, lasting for

30 minutes; and at 1440 hours on December 21, 1968, lasting for 20 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AX) (MH) (NA)

137 128
128 Page 129 130
Test: SCISSORS
Date: 12/ 12/ 68 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0720 PST Depth of Burial: 789 ft
Location: NTS U3gh Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 -4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from surface ground zero at H+6 minutes and lasted for 38 minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AX)
Test: PACKARD
Date: 01/ 15/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1130 PST Depth of Burial: 810 ft
Location: NTS U2u Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 10 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.2
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+10.4 minutes and lasted for 15 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (NB)
Test: VALISE
Date: 03/ 18/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 296 ft
Location: NTS U9by Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 -3

138 129
129 Page 130 131
Release Summary: A release occurred during a gas sampling operation at zero time and lasted for one hour.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (VB)
Test: CHATTY
Date: 03/ 18/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0640 PST Depth of Burial: 639 ft
Location: NTS U2bn Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.7 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 7.6 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 5.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1925 hours on March 19, 1969, and lasted for 25 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (U5)
Test: BARSAC
Date: 03/ 20/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1012 PST Depth of Burial: 997 ft
Location: NTS U3gc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.3 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+10 hours, 59 minutes and lasted for 29.8 hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AX) (TS)

139 130
130 Page 131 132
Test: COFFER
Date: 03/ 21/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 1,525 ft
Location: NTS U2de Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 100 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 9.9 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.4
135 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1100 hours on March 27, 1969, lasting for 8.3 hours, and at 0600 hours on March 28, 1969, lasting for
5.5 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AX) (NC)

Test: BLENTON
Date: 04/ 30/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,831 ft
Location: NTS U7p Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.0 x 10 -5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+10 minutes and lasted for 18.8 hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AX) (TT)

140 131
131 Page 132 133
Detonation: IPECAC-A (simultaneous with IPECAC-B, separate holes)
Date: 05/ 27/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 407 ft
Location: NTS U3hk-a Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours: Trace
Isotopes Identified in the Release: xenons
Release Summary: A test release occurred from surface ground zero at H+12 minutes and lasted for 2.8 hours. All activity from this release was attributed to cable off-gassing from the

catcher pull.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AX) (VC)

Test: TAPPER
Date: 06/ 12/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 994 ft
Location: NTS U3go Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 4.6 x 10 -6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+16 minutes and lasted for 23 minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AX) (J2)
Test: HUTCH
Date: 07/ 16/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0755 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,800 ft
Location: NTS U2df Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

141 132
132 Page 133 134
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 9.0 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 1
135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line as follows: (1) at 0430 hours on July 19, 1969, lasting for 8.5 hours; (2) at 0700 hours on July 22, 1969, lasting for
2.75 hours; (3) at 1540 hours on July 23, 1969, lasting for 5.83 hours; and (4) at 0705 hours on July 25, 1969, lasting for 20 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (ND)
Detonations: SPIDER-A, -B (simultaneous, separate holes)
Date: 08/ 14/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 699 ft, 745 ft
Location: NTS U2bp-1, -2 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7
133 Xe in curies: 1.7

133m Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1920 hours on August 21, 1969, and lasted for five minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NE)
Test: PLIERS
Date: 08/ 27/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0645 PDT Depth of Burial: 784 ft
Location: NTS U3gn Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 -2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 I and 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+8 minutes and lasted for 5.6 hours.

142 133
133 Page 134 135
References: (B) (E) (H) (P) (AA) (J5)
Test: RULISON
Date: 09/ 10/ 69 Sponsor: LASL/ DPNE
Time: 1500 MDT Depth of Burial: 8,425 ft
Location: Grand Valley, Purpose: Plowshare Colorado

Type: Shaft Yield: 40 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Gas flaring
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: Tritium was detected above background levels during flaring operations.

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No gamma radiation was detected.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine was detected offsite.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No gamma radiation was detected.
Release Summary: Well gas was first flared on August 1, 1970. A successful high-rate flaring commenced at 1430 hours MST on October 26, 1970. Krypton-85 and tritium were identified in

the controlled release.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (DR) (HR)

Test: MINUTE STEAK
Date: 09/ 12/ 69 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 1103 PDT Depth of Burial: 867 ft
Location: NTS U11f Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 8.4 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Release Summary: A test release, in the form of seepage from the surface ground zero area,
occurred at H+5 minutes and continued until H+4 hours. The effluent consisted primarily of 138
Xe and 135 Xe, with lesser quantities of 133 Xe. Radioiodine released (at the time of release)
included 34 curies of 135 I, 3.4 curies of 133 I, and 0.05 curies of 131 I.

143 134
134 Page 135 136
References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (N) (P) (AA) (E1) (NF)
Detonation: KYACK-B (simultaneous with KYACK-A, separate holes)
Date: 09/ 20/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 630 ft
Location: NTS U2bq-2 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.1 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the U2bq-2 crater at H+9.5 hours and lasted for 16 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (VD)
Detonation: SEAWEED-D (simultaneous with SEAWEED-C and -E, separate holes)

Date: 10/ 01/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 387 ft
Location: NTS U3hk-f Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -8
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
Release Summary: A test release occurred from surface ground zero at H+16 minutes and lasted for 10 minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AA) (UG)

144 135
135 Page 136 137
Test: PIPKIN
Date: 10/ 08/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,050 ft
Location: NTS U20b Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 200 to 1000 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.3
133 Xe in curies: 6.3

133m Xe in curies: 6.2 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1935 hours on November 2, 1969, lasting for 15 minutes, and at 2115 hours on November 2, 1969, lasting for
10 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NG)

Test: SEAWEED B
Date: 10/ 16/ 69 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 387 ft
Location: NTS U3hk Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 -7
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 138 Xe
References: (B) (E) (H) (AA) (UH)

Detonations: POD-A, -D (simultaneous with POD-B and -C, separate holes)
Date: 10/ 29/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1200 PST Depth of Burial: 876 ft, 1,024 ft
Location: NTS U2ck, U2cj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 16.7 kt (total test)
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.9 x 10 3

145 136
136 Page 137 138
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs
Cloud Direction: Southerly; tracked by aircraft for 35 miles before the cloud became undetectable

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.04 mR/ h at Lathrop Wells, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: At four miles north of Pahrump, Nevada, (detected by aerial monitoring)

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 4.9 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A test release from the U2ck surface ground zero area occurred at H+1 minute and lasted for 9 hours.

Drillback releases occurred from the U2cj ventilation line at 0010 hours on November 7, 1969, lasting for 20 minutes, and from the U2ck ventilation line at 1000 hours on November 7, 1969,
lasting for one hour.
References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (Q) (X) (Z) (AA) (EQ) (HS) (NH)

Test: SCUTTLE
Date: 11/ 13/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0715 PST Depth of Burial: 540 ft
Location: NTS U2bh Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 1.7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 88 Rb, 133 I, 135 Xe, and 138 Cs

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: No fresh fission products were detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were noted.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodine was detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: At five miles southeast of Lathrop Wells, Nevada, (detected by aerial monitoring)

146 137
137 Page 138 139
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+5 minutes from the surface ground zero emplacement casing and lasted for three hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (Z) (AA) (ER) (ES) (NI)
Detonations: TUN-B, -C, -D (simultaneous with TUN-A, separate holes)
Date: 12/ 10/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 637 ft, 637 ft, 840 ft
Location: NTS U10am-2, -3, Purpose: Weapons Related -4

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Gas Sampling

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.2 x 10 1
Gas Sampling Release Activity at R+12 Hours* in Curies: 1.6 x 10 2
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 2

88 Kr in curies: 6.0

xenons in curies: 4.8 x 10 1
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the U10am-2 surface ground zero area at H+1 minute and lasted for 32 minutes. A second release occurred from the U10am-3 surface

ground zero area at H+1 minute and lasted for 92 minutes.
A gas sampling release occurred from the U10am-3 gas sampling line at 0747 hours on December 10, 1969, and lasted for 35 hours. After postshot drilling began, an additional

48 curies of xenons were released as a result of gas sampling operations. Specifically, 5.8 curies were released from the U10am-3 gas sampling line, and 42 curies were released from the
U10am-4 gas sampling line. The releases began at 0210 hours on December 11, 1969, and lasted for two days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (QD)
______________________________
*Gas sampling release activity at the time of release is not available.

147 138
138 Page 139 140
Detonations: TERRINE-WHITE, -YELLOW (simultaneous, separate holes)
Date: 12/ 18/ 69 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 1100 PST Depth of Burial: 1,499 ft, 1,368 ft
Location: NTS U9bi-1, -2 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.5
135 Xe in curies: 1.2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1930 hours on December 22, 1969, lasting for two hours, and at 0355 hours on December 23, 1969, lasting for
five minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NJ)

Detonations: YANNIGAN-RED, -BLUE, -WHITE (simultaneous, separate holes)

Date: 02/ 26/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 1,286 ft, 1, 293 ft, 1,191 ft
Location: NTS U2ay-1, -2, -3 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.2 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 3.1 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 6.9
135 Xe in curies: 4.4

Release Summary: Five intermittent drillback releases occurred from the U2ay-2 ventilation line starting at 0420 hours on February 28, 1970, for a total release time of 2.83 hours. Four
intermittent releases occurred from the U2ay-3 ventilation line starting at 1500 hours on March 2, 1970, for a total release time of 2.75 hours, and nine intermittent releases occurred
from the U2ay-1 ventilation line starting at 1245 hours on March 5, 1970, for a total release time of 6.92 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AA) (UV)

148 139
139 Page 140 141
Test: CYATHUS
Date: 03/ 06/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0624 PST Depth of Burial: 950 ft
Location: NTS U8b Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 8.7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at R+12 Hours,* in Curies: Less than 4.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.5 x 10 1

135 Xe: trace
131 I, 132 I, 133 I, and 132 Te in curies: less than 1.0

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig cellar at 0913 hours on March 13, 1970, and lasted for 27 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NK)
______________________________
*Drillback release activity at the time of release is not available.

Test: SNUBBER
Date: 04/ 21/ 70 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 1,129 ft
Location: NTS U3ev Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: 12.7 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.5 x 10 4
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 138 Xe

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly; tracked by aircraft to 90 miles from surface ground zero
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 6.0 picocuries of gross beta activity per cubic meter of air at Coyote Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.6 mR/ h at Coyote Summit, Nevada
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 87 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air and
300 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air at Coyote Summit, Nevada; maximum
concentration at Koyne's Mill, Nevada (populated area), 36 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of
air and 86 picocuries of 135 I per cubic meter of air

149 140
140 Page 141 142
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Koyne's Mill, Nevada (on the ground); the effluent was tracked by aircraft to North Central Arizona, approximately 200 miles from the
surface ground zero area.
Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the cables in the trailer area at H+4 minutes, lasting for approximately 11 minutes; from the surface ground zero area at H+15 minutes, lasting

for 55 minutes; and from seepage at the surface ground zero area at H+70 minutes, lasting for approximately 23.5 hours.

References: (B) (D) (E) (H) (Z) (AA) (D0) (HT) (ST)
Detonations: HOD-A (GREEN), -B (RED) (simultaneous, separate holes)
Date: 05/ 01/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0740 PDT Depth of Burial: 870 ft, 790 ft
Location: NTS U9ITS X-20, Purpose: Weapons Related X-23

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.7 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 7.7 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 5.9 x 10 1
88 Kr in curies: 5.9 x 10 1

Release Summary: A test release from the U9ITS X-20 surface ground zero area occurred at
H+1 minute and lasted for 13 minutes.

Drillback releases occurred from the U9ITS X-20 gas sampling line at 0745 hours on May 1, 1970, lasting for 16.3 hours; from the U9ITS X-23 gas sampling line at 0746 hours on May 1,

1970, lasting for 1.4 hours; and from the U9ITS X-23 ventilation line at 2150 hours on May 16, 1970, lasting for 6.2 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NL)

150 141
141 Page 142 143
Test: MINT LEAF
Date: 05/ 05/ 70 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,300 ft
Location: NTS U12t. 01 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.6 x 10 5
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.9 x 10 5
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Easterly
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 6,000 picocuries of 135 Xe per cubic meter of air on Highway 25 Nevada (populated), no gross beta detected

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h near Queen City Summit, Nevada (unpopulated)
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No special water, milk, or other samples were
collected for this test.

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.02 mR/ h at Queen City Summit, Nevada
Release Summary: Three controlled releases occurred as follows: (1) during gas sampling
between H+4.6 and H+7.5 hours when predominantly fission gases ( 135 Xe and 85m Kr) were
exhausted into the ventilation lines and passed through the filter system before being released to
the atmosphere; (2) during ventilation of the tunnel complex with the effluent (approximately
98% 135 Xe, 2% 133 Xe, and less than 1 curie of radioiodines) passing through the filter system
between H+24 and H+31 hours; and (3) during ventilation of the tunnel complex at
H+166.2 hours until the tunnel was cleared with the effluent ( 133 Xe and 133m Xe) released
passing through a filter system.

References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (L) (AA) (ET) (FE) (HU) (HV)

Test: DIAMOND DUST
Date: 05/ 12/ 70 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 728 ft
Location: NTS U16a. 05 Purpose: Vela Uniform
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

151 142
142 Page 143 144
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe and 133m Xe
Release Summary: A controlled release, with the permission of the Test Manager, occurred at H+73.4 hours and continued until the tunnel was cleared.

References: (E) (H) (L) (AA) (DW) (TZ)
Test: MANZANAS
Date: 05/ 21/ 70 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 791 ft
Location: NTS U3gr Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.0 x 10 -2 -1.5 x 10 -1
Release Summary: A test release occurred at H+6 minutes from the surface ground zero area and lasted for five minutes.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AA) (J8)
Test: HUDSON MOON
Date: 05/ 26/ 70 Sponsor: DoD/ LRL
Time: 0716 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,385 ft
Location: NTS U12e. 12 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Controlled and Detected: Onsite Only Release: Uncontrolled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 2
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.3 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe and 135 Xe
Uncontrolled Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 7.9 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 88 Kr, 131 I, 133 I, 135 I, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: Two test releases occurred as follows: (1) an uncontrolled release
(primarily 135 Xe, with lesser quantities of 88 Kr and 85m Kr) between H+2.3 and H+25.3 hours
through the tunnel ventilation system, apparently due to natural draft, but was passed through the

152 143
143 Page 144 145
filter system before its release to the atmosphere, and (2) a controlled release of the tunnel area
to the gas seal door between H+25.3 and H+26.4 hours to ensure that effluent (primarily 135 Xe)
was filtered before release to the atmosphere.

Ventilation of the total tunnel complex was started on July 7, 1970, but the activity released
( 133 Xe) was below the detection limit (25 mCi/ min) of the RAM system. This activity did not
contribute to the total amount of effluent released from the HUDSON MOON test.

References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (AA) (NN)

Detonations: FLASK-GREEN, -YELLOW, -RED (simultaneous, separate holes)

Date: 05/ 26/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,736 ft, 1,099 ft, 499 ft
Location: NTS U2az-1, -2, -3 Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 105 kt (-Green) Less than 20 kt each

(-Yellow & -Red)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.9 x 10 1
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the U2az-3 gas sampling line at H hour, lasting for 71 minutes, and from the U2az-3 surface ground zero area, as the result of a cable pull, at
H+6.5 hours on May 26, 1970, lasting for approximately 3.3 hours.
Drillback releases occurred from the U2az-2 ventilation line at 2140 hours on May 31, 1970, lasting for 25 minutes, and from the U2az-1 ventilation line at 1640 hours on June 4, 1970,

lasting for 50 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AA) (NM)

153 144
144 Page 145 146
Test: PITON-C
Date: 05/ 28/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0445 PDT Depth of Burial: 330 ft
Location: NTS U9ITS AA-25 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 4
Release Summary: A test release occurred from the surface ground zero area at H+30 seconds, lasting for 2.4 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (VE)
Detonation: PITON-A (simultaneous with PITON-B, separate holes)
Date: 05/ 28/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0500 PDT Depth of Burial: 774 ft
Location: NTS U9ITS Y-30 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Greater than 1.0 x 10 1
Release Summary: A test release of greater than 10 curies occurred, but this was masked by the PITON-C release.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (VE)
Detonation: ARNICA-VIOLET (simultaneous with ARNICA-YELLOW, separate holes)

Date: 06/ 26/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 866 ft
Location: NTS U2dd-3 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

154 145
145 Page 146 147
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.3 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 7.1 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.8
135 Xe in curies: 7.6 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the U2dd-3 ventilation line at 1045 hours on July 2, 1970, lasting for 30 minutes, and at 1310 hours on July 2, 1970, lasting for 30 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AA) (NO)
Detonations: SCREE-ACAJOU, -ALHAMBRA (simultaneous with SCREE-CHAMOIS, separate holes)

Date: 10/ 13/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0805 PDT Depth of Burial: 815 ft, 630 ft
Location: NTS U9ITS X-24, Purpose: Weapons Related Z-21

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 1
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 6.5
135 Xe in curies: 3.7 x 10 1

Release Summary: A test release occurred from the U9ITS X-24 surface ground zero area at about H+1.5 minutes and lasted for 19 minutes.

Six intermittent drillback releases occurred from the U9ITS X-24 ventilation line starting at 1448 hours on October 15, 1970, for a total release time of 8.92 hours, and ten intermittent releases
occurred from the U9ITS Z-21 ventilation line starting at 0940 hours on October 18, 1970, for a total release time of 10.75 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AB) (QE)

155 146
146 Page 147 148
Detonation: TRUCHAS-CHAMISAL (simultaneous with TRUCHAS-CHACON and -RODARTE, separate
holes)
Date: 10/ 28/ 70 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 387 ft
Location: NTS U3ho Purpose: Safety Experiment
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.0
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 140 Ba/ 140 La
Release Summary: A test release occurred at zero time from cables and lasted for less than one minute.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AB)
Detonation: AVENS-CREAM (simultaneous with AVENS-ANDORRE, -ALKERMES, and -ASAMLTE,
separate holes)
Date: 12/ 16/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 965 ft
Location: NTS U9ITS X-29 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.6 x 10 1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 135 Xe, 138 Xe, and 138 Cs
Release Summary: A test release from the cables occurred at H+5 minutes and lasted for 39 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AB) (U0)

156 147
147 Page 148 149
Test: CARPETBAG
Date: 12/ 17/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0805 PST Depth of Burial: 2,170 ft
Location: NTS U2dg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 220 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.9
133 Xe in curies: 4.8

133m Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 4.7 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0615 hours on December 23, 1970, and lasted for 15 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AB) (NP)
Test: BANEBERRY
Date: 12/ 18/ 70 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 912 ft
Location: NTS U8d Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 10 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.7 x 10 6
Isotopes Identified in the Release: Gross fission products

Cloud Direction: Northeasterly, parts of the cloud moved over Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming; another fraction moved towards California

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 230 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter and
3,400 picocuries of 133 I per cubic meter of air at Stone Cabin Ranch, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: Less than 1 mR/ h in populated areas; 0.6 mR/ h at Stone Cabin Ranch, Nevada

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 810 picocuries of 131 I per liter in milk at the
McCurdy Ranch near Beatty, Nevada

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: 0.05 mR/ h at Austin, Nevada

157 148
148 Page 149 150
Release Summary: Venting occurred from a fissure near surface ground zero at H+3.5 minutes. The effluent venting rate steadily decreased with time, but visible vapor continued to emanate
from the fissure for 24 hours after the detonation.
References: (C) (D) (E) (H) (M) (Z) (AB) (DS) (NQ)

Test: HAREBELL
Date: 06/ 24/ 71 Sponsor: LRL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,702 ft
Location: NTS U2br Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.4 x 10 2
Release Summary: A drillback release from cracks south-southeast of the drilling pad began at approximately 2330 hours on June 27, 1971, and lasted for two days.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AB) (NR)
Test: CAMPHOR
Date: 06/ 29/ 71 Sponsor: DoD/ SL/ LRL
Time: 1130 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,390 ft
Location: NTS U12g. 10 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Controlled

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 133 Xe and 135 Xe
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release in Curies: 1.5 x 10 2
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 131 I, 133 I, and 135 I
Release Summary: Test releases occurred from the cable building (on the mesa) at H+1 hour, lasting for 30 minutes and from the portal at H+3.9 hours, lasting for four days.

A controlled release, through the ventilation system of the tunnel complex, began at 1034 hours on July 27, 1971, and lasted for three days.
References: (C) (E) (H) (K) (AB) (NS)

158 149
149 Page 150 151
Test: MINIATA
Date: 07/ 08/ 71 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,735 ft
Location: NTS U2bu Purpose: Plowshare
Type: Shaft Yield: 83 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 2.9
135 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -3
131 I: trace

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 2100 hours on July 16, 1971, and lasted for approximately 12.3 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (NT)
Test: BRACKEN
Date: 07/ 09/ 71 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,000 ft
Location: NTS U10aq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.6 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 4.2 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Several intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line beginning at 0810 hours on July 11, 1971, and lasting for six hours.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AC) (U2)

159 150
150 Page 151 152
Test: DIAGONAL LINE
Date: 11/ 24/ 71 Sponsor: DoD/ LLL
Time: 1215 PST Depth of Burial: 867 ft
Location: NTS U11g Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Test and Seepage

Test Release and Seepage at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.8 x 10 3
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 135 I, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, 133m
Xe, and 135 Xe

Cloud Direction: Southwesterly towards Amargosa Desert area, Nevada
Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: Fresh fission products were not detected.
Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities were detected above background levels.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in any samples.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: At six miles southeast of Lathrop Wells, Nevada, (detected by aerial monitoring)

Release Summary: A test release (seepage) occurred from H+3.3 to H+20 hours. Low-level
seepage continued for approximately three days, but all significant activity had been released by
H+20 hours. Effluent was primarily 135 Xe (80-85%), 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, and 133m
Xe, with trace quantities of 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, and 135 I detected. Minor levels of radioactivity
were detected offsite by aircraft only.

References: (C) (E) (H) (L) (Z) (AC) (EU) (HW) (HX) (NU)

Test: DIANTHUS
Date: 02/ 17/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1102 PST Depth of Burial: 1,000 ft
Location: NTS U10at Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

160 151
151 Page 152 153
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Releases occurred during gas sampling operations through the ventilation line beginning at 2110 hours on February 24, 1972, and lasting for 27 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (U9)
Test: SAPPHO
Date: 03/ 23/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1050 PST Depth of Burial: 646 ft
Location: NTS U2dh-2 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.6
133 Xe in curies: 8.6

133m Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0140 hours on April 9, 1972, and lasted for 50 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (UF)
Test: KARA
Date: 05/ 11/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 850 ft
Location: NTS U2dh-3 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.8
133 Xe in curies: 6.7

133m Xe in curies: 7.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1520 hours on May 22, 1972, and lasted for 20 minutes.

161 152
152 Page 153 154
References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (VF)
Test: ZINNIA
Date: 05/ 17/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0710 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,059 ft
Location: NTS U2dk Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.7
133 Xe in curies: 6.7

133m Xe in curies: 8.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 0010 hours on May 26, 1972, lasting for 10 minutes, and from the gas sampling line at 0240 hours on
May 28, 1972, lasting for approximately 4.2 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (NV)

Test: MERIDA
Date: 06/ 07/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0820 PDT Depth of Burial: 670 ft
Location: NTS U2dn Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 6.5 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line beginning at 2225 hours on June 13, 1972, and lasting for 20 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AC) (VG)

162 153
153 Page 154 155
Test: ATARQUE
Date: 07/ 25/ 72 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 964 ft
Location: NTS U3ht Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -2

135 Xe in curies: 8.5 x 10 -7
131 I in curies: 1.7 x 10 -6
133 I in curies: 1.4 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations between July 31 and August 2, 1972.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (ST)
Detonation: CEBOLLA (simultaneous with CUCHILLO and SOLANO, separate holes)

Date: 08/ 09/ 72 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0631 PDT Depth of Burial: 941 ft
Location: NTS U3jc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -3

135 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -7
131 I in curies: 2.4 x 10 -7
133 I in curies: 2.4 x 10 -8

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred between August 22 and August 24, 1972.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (ST)

163 154
154 Page 155 156
Test: ARSENATE
Date: 11/ 09/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1015 PST Depth of Burial: 821 ft
Location: NTS U9ci Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A release occurred from the ventilation line at 1400 hours on November 16, 1972, during a gas sampling operation and lasted for 20 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AD) (QF)
Test: SOLANUM
Date: 12/ 14/ 72 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 660 ft
Location: NTS U9IW24.5 Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 -3

133m Xe in curies: 2.7 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1315 hours on December 16, 1972, and lasted for 20 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AD) (UM)

164 155
155 Page 156 157
Test: MIERA
Date: 03/ 08/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0810 PST Depth of Burial: 1,867 ft
Location: NTS U7ad Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.1 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 3.1 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A release of a small amount of xenon occurred during the cementback operation.

References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (ST) (SZ)
Test: GAZOOK
Date: 03/ 23/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1215 PST Depth of Burial: 1,070 ft
Location: NTS U2do Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 9.3

133m Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 2.8

Release Summary: Two intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line on March 26, 1972, beginning at 0911 hours and lasting for 15 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AD) (VH)

165 156
156 Page 157 158
Detonation: ANGUS* (simultaneous with VELARDE)
Date: 04/ 25/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1425 PST Depth of Burial: 1,486 ft
Location: NTS U3jg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.1 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 6.1 x 10 -1

iodines in curies: 1.3 x 10 -3
References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (NW) (ST) (SZ)

Detonation: VELARDE* (simultaneous with ANGUS)
Date: 04/ 25/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1425 PST Depth of Burial: 908 ft
Location: NTS U3jk Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Cementback

Drillback and Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 2

135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 1
131 I in curies: 2.7 x 10 -2
132 I in curies: 5.2 x 10 -2
133 I in curies: 1.4 x 10 -1
135 I in curies: 1.6 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Chronic radioactive effluent releases occurred during coring and cementback operations. On April 27, 1973, above-background radiation levels were noted in the
drilling rig cellar from gas trapped in the drilling pipe. Whenever the drilling pipe was open (i. e., when sections of pipe were being removed or when the stripper head was off) radioactive
gas was released. By swing shift on April 27, 1973, respiratory protection was required during periods of potential release. The releases ceased after cementback of the hole on April 28, 1973.

166 157
157 Page 158 159
References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (QG) (QH) (QI) (ST) (SZ)
____________________________ *ANGUS and VELARDE are one test because these detonations occurred within the time frame

and proximity as defined by treaty. They are listed seperately because of individual test data.

Test: COLMOR
Date: 04/ 26/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0715 PST Depth of Burial: 806 ft
Location: NTS U3hv Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 -3

135 Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 -8

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations on May 3, 1973.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (ST) (SZ)

Test: STARWORT
Date: 04/ 26/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0915 PST Depth of Burial: 1,850 ft
Location: NTS U2bs Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 90 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.7
133 Xe in curies: 9.6

133m Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 2.7 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1235 hours on May 7, 1973.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AD)

167 158
158 Page 159 160
Test: MESITA
Date: 05/ 09/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 490 ft
Location: NTS U3jd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -3

135 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -8

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations on May 17, 1973.
References: (B) (E) (H) (AD) (ST) (SZ)

Test: KASHAN
Date: 05/ 24/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 870 ft
Location: NTS U10av Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.7 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 2

133m Xe in curies: 8.2
135 Xe in curies: 2.4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0420 hours on May 31, 1973, and lasted for 6.5 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AD) (VI)

168 159
159 Page 160 161
Test: POTRILLO
Date: 06/ 21/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0745 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,865 ft
Location: NTS U7af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations between July 19 and 20, 1973.

References: (E) (H) (AD) (ST) (SZ)
Test: PORTULACA
Date: 06/ 28/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1215 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,530 ft
Location: NTS U2bv Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Some
Release Summary: There was no release of radioactivity through the ventilation line system. A small undocumented release was detected from the drill casing after the rig was removed on

July 6, 1973, at 2130 hours.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AD) (LI)

Test: WALLER
Date: 10/ 02/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0815 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,017 ft
Location: NTS U2bz Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

169 160
160 Page 161 162
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0
133 Xe in curies: 1.9

133m Xe in curies: 7.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.1 x 10 -1

Gas Sampling Release Activity at R+12 hours in Curies: 6.0 x 10 -3
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 1045 hours on October 5, 1973, lasting for seven minutes and at 1846 hours on October 5, 1973, lasting for

eight minutes.
Two uncontrolled releases occurred from the gas sampling skid on October 5, 1973.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AE) (Q3)

Test: BERNAL
Date: 11/ 28/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 928 ft
Location: NTS U3jy Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A release occurred January 16, 1974, during postshot cementing operations.
References: (E) (H) (AE) (RA) (ST) (SX)

Test: PAJARA
Date: 12/ 12/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1100 PST Depth of Burial: 912 ft
Location: NTS U3ji Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.3
133 Xe in curies: 5.3

170 161
161 Page 162 163
Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations between January 11 and 14, 1974.
References: (E) (H) (AE) (ST) (SX)
Test: SEAFOAM
Date 12/ 13/ 73 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0717 PST Depth of Burial: 650 ft
Location: NTS U2ea Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity in Curies: 4.5
Release Summary: A release occurred from the prompt gas sampling line at 0737 hours on December 13, 1973, and lasted for 14 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AE) (QJ)
Test: ELIDA
Date: 12/ 19/ 73 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1116 PST Depth of Burial: 1,250 ft
Location: NTS U3hy Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.9 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 7.9 x 10 -1

Release Summary: A cementback release occurred between January 8 and 9, 1974.
References: (E) (H) (AE) (ST) (SX)

171 162
162 Page 163 164
Detonation: PINEDROPS-BAYOU (simultaneous with PINEDROPS-SLOAT and -TAWNY, same hole)
Date: 01/ 10/ 74 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0838 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,125 ft
Location: NTS U10as Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0
133 Xe in curies: 2.5

133m Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.4

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 0729 hours on January 12, 1974, lasting for 31 minutes, and at 0700 hours on January 13, 1974, lasting for six
minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AE) (QK)

Test: HULSEA
Date: 03/ 14/ 74 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 640 ft
Location: NTS U2bx Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.7 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.6
135 Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 1

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred at 0900 hours on March 16, 1974, and lasted for 49 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AE) (QL)

172 163
163 Page 164 165
Test: GROVE
Date: 05/ 22/ 74 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0715 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,027 ft
Location: NTS U2ds Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 6.3 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 4.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1040 hours on May 26, 1974, lasting for three minutes, and at 1549 hours on May 28, 1974, lasting for
14.5 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AE) (QM)

Test: FALLON
Date: 05/ 23/ 74 Sponsor: LLL/ UK
Time: 0638 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,529 ft
Location: NTS U2dv Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.2 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.8
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line as follows: (1) at 0525 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting for 22 minutes; (2) at 0636 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting
for 17 minutes; (3) at 0703 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting for 10 minutes; (4) at 0743 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting for 12 minutes; (5) at 0835 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting for 10 minutes;
(6) at 1324 hours on May 29, 1974, lasting for 12 minutes; and (7) at 0547 hours on May 30, 1974, lasting for 7 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AE) (NX)

173 164
164 Page 165 166
Test: JARA
Date: 06/ 06/ 74 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0740 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,240 ft
Location: NTS U3hp Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.6 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A cementback release occurred through the filtering system on July 1 and 2, 1974.

References: (E) (H) (AE) (ST) (SX)
Test: ESCABOSA
Date: 07/ 10/ 74 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,100 ft
Location: NTS U7ac Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.3 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 5.3 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A cementback release occurred from the postshot drilling hole from July 31, to August 1, 1974.

References: (E) (H) (AF) (RB) (ST) (SX)
Detonations: CRESTLAKE-TANSAN, -BRIAR (simultaneous, same hole)

Date: 07/ 18/ 74 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 892 ft; 1,229 ft
Location: NTS U2dw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

174 165
165 Page 166 167
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.9 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 6.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 2.3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1630 hours on July 21, 1974, and lasted for 3.5 hours.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AF) (QN)
Test: PUYE
Date: 08/ 14/ 74 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,411 ft
Location: NTS U3jl Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Cementback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -2

135 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 -4
131 I in curies: 2.1 x 10 -6
133 I in curies: 8.6 x 10 -7
135 I in curies: 2.5 x 10 -9

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.7
133 Xe in curies: 3.7

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred on August 21, 1974, from the postshot drilling hole, and a cementback release occurred from September 11-12, 1974, from the same drilling
hole.
References: (E) (H) (Y) (AF) (RC) (RD) (ST) (SX)

175 166
166 Page 167 168
Test: HYBLA FAIR
Date: 10/ 28/ 74 Sponsor: DoD/ LLL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,325 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 09 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 2
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 2
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe and 133m Xe
Release Summary: A release occurred from the area between overburden plug (OBP) No. 1
and OBP No. 2 from November 13 to November 14, 1974. Stemming failed during the test and
noble gases seeped through or around OBP No. 2. All activity was successfully contained inside
OBP No. 1. Effluent released during the controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex was the
activity contained between OBP No. 1 and OBP No. 2 only. Activity was 99% 133 Xe, with the
remainder of activity being 133m Xe. A second release occurred from the U12n. 09 drift complex
from November 20, 1974, to January 6, 1975. Activity released was passed through a
high-efficiency particulate and aerosol filter before being released through the tunnel ventilation
system. Effluent was 99% 133 Xe with some 133m Xe.

References: (E) (H) (L) (AF)

Test: TEMESCAL
Date: 11/ 02/ 74 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 859 ft
Location: NTS U4ab Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.6
133 Xe in curies: 1.0

133m Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -1
3 H in curies: 4.0 x 10 -1
131 I in curies: 4.0 x 10 -3

176 167
167 Page 168 169
Release Summary: A gas sampling release occurred at 0800 hours on November 2, 1974, through the in-line filter in the sampling skid. A second release occurred on November 6, 1974,
through a hydrogen analyzer.
References: (C) (E) (H) (AF) (QP)

Detonations: PORTOLA, PORTOLA-LARKIN (simultaneous, same hole)

Date: 02/ 06/ 75 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 649 ft, 899 ft
Location: NTS U10bb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.7
133 Xe in curies: 9.6

133m Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -5

Release Summary: Four documented releases from the ventilation line occurred on February 17, 1975, as follows: (1) starting at 0312 hours and lasting for nine minutes; (2) starting at
0422 hours and lasting for six minutes; (3) starting at 0449 hours and lasting for ten minutes; and (4) starting at 0526 hours and lasting for seven minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AF) (QQ)
Test: BILGE
Date: 02/ 19/ 75 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1110 PST Depth of Burial: 1,046 ft
Location: NTS U3kc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.1 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 9.1 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations between 1830 and 1940 hours on April 16, 1975.

References: (E) (H) (AF) (QI) (QR) (TA) (TB)

177 168
168 Page 169 170
Test: CABRILLO
Date: 03/ 07/ 75 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,969 ft
Location: NTS U2dr Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Three drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line beginning at 1057 hours on March 15, 1975, and continued over a 46-minute period.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AF) (NZ)
Test: KASSERI
Date: 10/ 28/ 75 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 4,150 ft
Location: NTS U20z Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 200 to 1000 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Three releases occurred from the drilling platform as follows: (1) on November 24, 1975, for 25 seconds; (2) on November 30, 1975, for 28 minutes; and (3) on
December 3, 1975, for 6.3 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AG)

178 169
169 Page 170 171
Test: ESROM
Date: 02/ 04/ 76 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0640 PST Depth of Burial: 2,149 ft
Location: NTS U7ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 200 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 8.8 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -14 (trace)

Release Summary: Two releases occurred through the ventilation line between 1910 and 2220 hours on February 28, 1976.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AG) (L2)
Test: SHALLOWS
Date: 02/ 26/ 76 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0650 PST Depth of Burial: 800 ft
Location: NTS U3jf Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A cementback release occurred through the filtering system between 2230 and 2330 hours on March 11, 1976.

References: (E) (H) (AG) (QI) (QS) (SY) (TC) (TE)

179 170
170 Page 171 172
Test: COLBY
Date: 03/ 14/ 76 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0430 PST Depth of Burial: 4,178 ft
Location: NTS U20aa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 500 to 1000 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Mudpit

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.4 x 10 1
103 Ru in curies: 3.8 x 10 1

106 Ru/ 106 Rh in curies: 6.0

Release Summary: Overflow effluent from the mudpit occurred at 1625 hours on May 16, 1976, and flowed for 0.47 miles. Effluent was buried in the crater.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AG) (CP)
Test: RIVOLI
Date: 05/ 20/ 76 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1030 PDT Depth of Burial: 656 ft
Location: NTS U2eg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test

Test Release Activity at R+12 Hours: Trace
135 Xe: trace

Release Summary: A trace of 135 Xe, released from surface ground zero, was detected on an M-102 air sampler at H+2.5 hours. This release lasted for one day.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AH) (QT)
Test: BILLET
Date: 07/ 27/ 76 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1330 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,087 ft
Location: NTS U7an Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

180 171
171 Page 172 173
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -3

References: (E) (H) (AG) (RE) (SY)
Test: BANON
Date: 08/ 26/ 76 Sponsor: LLL/ UK
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,759 ft
Location: NTS U2dz Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0
133 Xe in curies: 5.8

133m Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line as follows: (1) at 0854 hours on August 31, 1976, lasting for nine minutes; (2) at 0955 hours on August 31, 1976,
lasting for three minutes; (3) at 1256 hours on August 31, 1976, lasting for two minutes; and (4) at 1446 hours on September 2, 1976, lasting for two minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AG) (O9)
Detonations: DOFINO, DOFINO-LAWTON (simultaneous, same hole)
Date: 03/ 08/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0624 PST Depth of Burial: 600 ft, 925 ft
Location: NTS U10ba Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.5 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 5.7 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line as follows: (1) on March 12, 1977, beginning at 1503 hours and lasting for eight minutes; (2) on March 15, 1977,

181 172
172 Page 173 174
beginning at 1509 hours and lasting for four minutes; and (3) on March 15, 1977, beginning at 2000 hours and lasting for 28 minutes.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AH) (QU)
Test: MARSILLY
Date: 04/ 05/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 2,264 ft
Location: NTS U2el Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 3.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line on April 10, 1977, and lasted for eight minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (AH) (OE)
Test: CARNELIAN
Date: 07/ 28/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0707 PDT Depth of Burial: 682 ft
Location: NTS U4af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.8
133 Xe in curies: 4.7

133m Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.9

Release Summary: A release occurred through the ventilation line on July 31, 1977, at 0001 hours and lasted for 11 minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AH) (QV)

182 173
173 Page 174 175
Detonation: GRUYERE-GRADINO (simultaneous with GRUYERE, same hole)
Date: 08/ 16/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0741 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U9cg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at R+12 Hours*, in Curies: 8.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 7.8 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 3.2 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0814 hours on August 21, 1977, and lasted for eight minutes.

References: (E) (H) (AH) (QW) (QX)
______________________________
*Release activity at time of release is not available.

Test: FLOTOST
Date: 08/ 16/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0849 PDT Depth of Burial: 902 ft
Location: NTS U2ao Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.5
133 Xe in curies: 2.5

133m Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A release occurred from the ventilation line August 25, 1977, and lasted for two minutes.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AH) (QY)

183 174
174 Page 175 176
Test: COULOMMIERS
Date: 09/ 27/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,739 ft
Location: NTS U2ei Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.3 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 9.1 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 0707 hours on October 3, 1977, and lasted for three minutes.

References: (C)( E) (H) (AH) (O0)
Test: BOBSTAY
Date: 10/ 26/ 77 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0715 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,250 ft
Location: NTS U3jb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3

131 I in curies: 2.6 x 10 -6

References: (E) (H) (AI) (RF) (SU) (SW)

184 175
175 Page 176 177
Test: HYBLA GOLD
Date: 11/ 01/ 77 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 1006 PST Depth of Burial: 1,263 ft
Location: NTS U12e. 20 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -3
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -3
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe
Release Summary: Activity was successfully contained inside the drift protection plug (DPP) until it had decayed to an insignificant level. A controlled release occurred on

November 29, 1977.
References: (E) (H) (L) (AI)

Test: FARALLONES
Date: 12/ 14/ 77 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 2,192 ft
Location: NTS U2fa Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2
133 Xe in curies: 1.1

133m Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drilling rig cellar. Xenon releases occurred through the filtering system at 0205 hours on December 19, 1977, and lasted
approximately 10 minutes.
References: (E) (H) (AI) (O1)

185 176
176 Page 177 178
Test: CAMPOS
Date: 02/ 13/ 78 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1353 PST Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U9cp Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.3 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.3 x 10 3

133m Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -2
131 I in curies: 2.6 x 10 -5

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line at 0223 hours on February 19, 1978, lasting for 30 minutes, and from the mud line "kill" valve at approximately
1200 hours on February 26, 1978, lasting for approximately 22 hours.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AI)

Test: REBLOCHON
Date: 02/ 23/ 78 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0900 PST Depth of Burial: 2,160 ft
Location: NTS U2en Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.1
135 Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -1

Release Summary: At 0645 hours on February 28, 1978, 15 mR/ h was detected in the rig cellar. By 0650 hours, the cellar radiation level had increased to greater than 500 mR/ h. The
Hydril (part of the blow-out prevention system) was closed to contain the release. The activity from this release totalled 33 curies. A second release of 0.56 curies was detected at 1015 hours
the same day. Shortly after the rotating head (part of the drilling system) was removed, a third release of 3.1 curies occurred at 1045 hours.

186 177
177 Page 178 179
References: (C) (E) (H) (AI) (O2)
Test: KARAB
Date: 03/ 16/ 78 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,086 ft
Location: NTS U4ah Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.3 x 10 -5
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -5

133m Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -6
135 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -7
131 I in curies: 7.0 x 10 -8

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the gas sampling line on March 20, 1978, lasting for five minutes.

References: (E) (H) (AI) (QZ)
Test: SATZ
Date: 07/ 07/ 78 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,033 ft
Location: NTS U2dq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.8 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 1.7 x 10 -4

85 Kr in curies: 6.0 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 26, 1982.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AI)

187 178
178 Page 179 180
Test: QUARGEL
Date: 11/ 18/ 78 Sponsor: LLL/ UK
Time: 1100 PST Depth of Burial: 1,778 ft
Location: NTS U2fb Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at R+12 Hours*, in Curies: 6.7
133 Xe in curies: 6.5

133m Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 9.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 1528 hours on November 24, 1978, and lasted for nine minutes.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ) (O3) ______________________________
*Drillback release activity at the time of release is not available.

Test: FARM
Date: 12/ 16/ 78 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 2,260 ft
Location: NTS U20ab Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 2.9 x 10 -5

85 Kr in curies: 3.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 18, 1982.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ)

188 179
179 Page 180 181
Test: KLOSTER
Date: 02/ 15/ 79 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 1005 PST Depth of Burial: 1,759 ft
Location: NTS U2eo Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 2.0 x 10 -2
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the drill string at 1315 hours on February 21, 1979. Nine puffs of radioactive gases were released over a 30-hour period from

this location.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ) (O4)

Test: PEPATO
Date: 06/ 11/ 79 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,233 ft
Location: NTS U20ad Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 -2
Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the Hydril from 0505 to 0750 hours on June 22, 1979. There were a small number of intermittent releases for a total of 18 minutes

when the Hydril was open.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ) (CZ)

Test: FAJY
Date: 06/ 28/ 79 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0744 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,759 ft
Location: NTS U2fc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 -2
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -4

189 180
180 Page 181 182
Release Summary: Two drillback releases occurred from the open drill pipe on July 3, 1979. Two short-duration releases occurred when replacing the drill string.
A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 26, 1982.
References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ)

Test: BURZET
Date: 08/ 03/ 79 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0807 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,476 ft
Location: NTS U4ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 3.0 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 2.3 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 14, 1982.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ)
Test: NESSEL
Date: 08/ 29/ 79 Sponsor: LLL/ UK
Time: 0808 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,522 ft
Location: NTS U2ep Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 2.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 13, 1982.

References: (C) (E) (H) (X) (AJ)

190 181
181 Page 182 183
Test: TARKO
Date: 02/ 28/ 80 Sponsor: LLL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,211 ft
Location: NTS U2fd Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.3 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.7
135 Xe in curies: 5.2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.6 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 4.5 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 5.6 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot drill hole at 2018 hours on March 2, 1980, lasting for 20 minutes.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 13, 1982.
References: (E) (H) (AK) (C) (C0) (O5) (RG)

Test: NORBO
Date: 03/ 08/ 80 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0735 PST Depth of Burial: 889 ft
Location: NTS U8c Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Test and Gas Sampling

Test Release at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -2
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 1.5 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 6.8 x 10 -4

191 182
182 Page 183 184
Release Summary: A test release from the gas sampling system occurred at H+23 minutes and lasted for 18 minutes.
A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 6, 1982.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AK) (C0)

Test: COLWICK
Date: 04/ 26/ 80 Sponsor: LLNL/ UK
Time: 0900 PST Depth of Burial: 2,077 ft
Location: NTS U20ac Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.5 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 1.4 x 10 -5

85 Kr in curies: 7.5 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 18, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AK) (C0)
Test: FLORA
Date: 05/ 22/ 80 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,099 ft
Location: NTS U3lg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 3
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 3

131 I in curies: 1.0

Release Summary: A release occurred during dismantling of postshot drilling equipment on August 5, 1980.

References: (E) (H) (AK) (RH)

192 183
183 Page 184 185
Test: KASH
Date: 06/ 12/ 80 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1015 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,116 ft
Location: NTS U20af Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.3 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 2.4 x 10 -6

85 Kr in curies: 2.3 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 18, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AK) (C0)
Test: TAFI
Date: 07/ 25/ 80 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1205 PST Depth of Burial: 2,231 ft
Location: NTS U20ae Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 9.8 x 10 -5

85 Kr in curies: 1.5 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 18, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AK) (C0)

193 184
184 Page 185 186
Test: VERDELLO
Date: 07/ 31/ 80 Sponsor: LASL
Time: 1119 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,200 ft
Location: NTS U3ku Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Cementback

Drillback and Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.5 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.5 x 10 1

131 I in curies: 7.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A release occurred between August 15 and 22, 1980, during postshot drilling and cementing operations.

References: (E) (H) (AK) (RI)
Test: RIOLA
Date: 09/ 25/ 80 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0826 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,391 ft
Location: NTS U2eq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 1.07 kt
Release Type of: Test, Seepage, and Detected: Offsite (Test Only) Release: Gas Sampling

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 9.6 x 10 2 (mixed fission products)
Natural Seepage at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 3 (tritium and tritiated water)
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, 135 Xe, 135m Xe, tritium,
and tritiated water

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 34 picocuries of 133 Xe per cubic meter of air and
360 picocuries of 135 Xe per cubic meter of air at Lathrop Wells, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were measured.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected in any samples.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background
levels were measured.

194 185
185 Page 186 187
Gas Sampling Release at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.8
3 H in curies: 9.8

85 Kr in curies: 1.5 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A test release and seepage from the surface ground zero area occurred at H+10 hours and 59 minutes. The test release, consisting of xenons and kryptons, occurred
through surface ground zero cracks and lasted until 1020 hours on September 26, 1980. Seepage continued until it was no longer positively quantified in March 1981. The seepage rate varied
throughout the period as it was affected by atmospheric pressure changes.
A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 6, 1982.
References: (E) (H) (I) (X) (Z) (AK) (C0) (HY) (RJ)

Test: MINERS IRON
Date: 10/ 31/ 80 Sponsor: DoD/ LASL
Time: 1000 PST Depth of Burial: 1,280 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 11 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -1
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 -1
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133m Xe and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A controlled release occurred from H+49.5 hours until H+67 hours. Prior
to that time, seepage from the stemming area into the open part of the LOS pipe had occurred.
The effluent was 87% 135 Xe and 13% 133m Xe. The activity was contained within the LOS pipe
until controlled ventilation of the LOS pipe was established. The release point was the N Tunnel
mesa vent hole.

References: (E) (H) (L) (AL) (RK)

Test: VIDE
Date: 04/ 30/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0735 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,060 ft
Location: NTS U8k Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

195 186
186 Page 187 188
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.6
133 Xe in curies: 2.6

135 Xe in curies: 4.0 x 10 -2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.2 x 10 -1 (Controlled)
3 H in curies: 5.2 x 10 -1

85 Kr in curies: 4.5 x 10 -4
137 Cs in curies: 8.0 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A release occurred during a gas sampling operation on May 4, 1981, at 2013 hours and lasted for three minutes.

A second gas sampling release occurred on December 6, 1982. This controlled release was from the containment tank.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AL) (C0) (OW) (RL)
Test: NIZA
Date: 07/ 10/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,119 ft
Location: NTS U9cr Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release: Slight
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.1 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 6.9 x 10 -4

85 Kr in curies: 1.5 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on November 1, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (C0) (AL)

196 187
187 Page 188 189
Test: ISLAY
Date: 08/ 27/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0731 PDT Depth of Burial: 965 ft
Location: NTS U2er Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 2

Release Summary: Release of radioactivity occurred during drillback operations; 700 curies of xenon were released when the drilling mud "kill" line was opened, and an additional 0.34 curies
of xenon were released during other drillback operations. The releases occurred between 0400 and 0613 hours on August 30, 1981.

References: (E) (H) (X) (C0) (AL) (RM)
Test: TREBBIANO
Date: 09/ 04/ 81 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,001 ft
Location: NTS U3lj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 2

131 I in curies: 5.0 x 10 -2

References: (E) (H) (AL) (RN)
Test: TILCI
Date: 11/ 11/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1200 PST Depth of Burial: 1,460 ft
Location: NTS U4ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

197 188
188 Page 189 190
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 2.4 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 6.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 26, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (C0)
Test: AKAVI
Date: 12/ 03/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,621 ft
Location: NTS U2es Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.6 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 6.6 x 10 -6

85 Kr in curies: 4.5 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 26, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (C0)
Test: CABOC
Date: 12/ 16/ 81 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1305 PST Depth of Burial: 1,100 ft
Location: NTS U2cp Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

198 189
189 Page 190 191
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.1 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 6.8 x 10 -6

85 K in curies: 3.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: Two releases occurred through the ventilation line during postshot drilling as follows: (1) at 1807 hours on December 18, 1981, from the Postshot No. 1A drill hole,
releasing 0.21 curies of xenon; and (2) at 0130 hours on December 21, 1981, from the Postshot No. 2A drill hole, releasing 0.086 curies of xenon.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 6, 1982.
References: (E) (H) (AM) (C0) (O6) (RO)

Test: MOLBO
Date: 02/ 12/ 82 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0655 PST Depth of Burial: 2,093 ft
Location: NTS U20ag Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.9 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 7.5 x 10 -5

85 Kr in curies: 3.8 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on October 18, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (C0)
Test: GIBNE
Date: 04/ 25/ 82 Sponsor: LLNL/ UK
Time: 1105 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,870 ft
Location: NTS U20ah Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

199 190
190 Page 191 192
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 9.2 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A release occurred through the ventilation line on May 1, 1982, at 2130 hours lasting for 22.5 minutes, while pulling the drill string out of the hole.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (O7) (RP)
Test: BOUSCHET
Date: 05/ 07/ 82 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 1117 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,850 ft
Location: NTS U3la Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0
xenons in curies: less than 1.0
iodines in curies: less than 1.0 x 10 -4
Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations at approximately 1800 hours on June 10, 1982.

References: (E) (H) (J) (AM) (OP) (OQ) (RQ)
Test: MONTEREY
Date: 07/ 29/ 82 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1305 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,310 ft
Location: NTS U4aj Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 4.6 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 -3

200 191
191 Page 192 193
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line at 2319 hours on August 1, 1982.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (O8)
Test: HURON LANDING* (simultaneous with DIAMOND ACE)
Date: 09/ 23/ 82 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,340 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 15 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.8 x 10 2
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 2
Isotopes Detected in Release: 85m Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: A controlled ventilation of the tunnel occurred from H+27.8 hours until
H+36 hours. Prior to that time, activity had been contained inside the OBP until ventilation
could be established to the mesa. The release point was the N Tunnel mesa vent hole. The
effluent was 86% 135 Xe, 7% 85m Kr, 3% 133 Xe, 3% 133m Xe, and 1% 88 Kr.

References: (E) (H) (W) (AM) (RS)

Test: DIAMOND ACE* (simultaneous with HURON LANDING)
Date: 09/ 23/ 82 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,335 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 15 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Included in HURON LANDING data.
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: Included in HURON LANDING data.
Isotopes Detected in Release: Same as for HURON LANDING.
Release Summary: Same as for HURON LANDING.

201 192
192 Page 193 194
References: (E) (H) (W) (AM) (RS)
__________________________ *Tests were detonated simultaneously but are considered separate tests. Release data from each
individual test is not available.

Test: FRISCO
Date: 09/ 23/ 82 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,480 ft
Location: NTS U8m Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.7
133 Xe in curies: 1.6

133m Xe in curies: 4.4 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 6.6 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Fourteen intermittent releases occurred starting at 1530 hours on September 27, 1982, through 1226 hours on September 30, 1982, for a total release time of
36.2 minutes.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AM) (CQ) (RT)

Test: MANTECA
Date: 12/ 10/ 82 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0720 PST Depth of Burial: 1,355 ft
Location: NTS U4al Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.8 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 7.1 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.5
135 Xe in curies: 4.2

202 193
193 Page 194 195
Release Summary: Twelve releases occurred intermittently from 1855 hours on December 12, 1982, to 0810 hours on December 14, 1982, for a total release time of
approximately 1.7 hours.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AN) (C0)

Test: CHEEDAM
Date: 02/ 17/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0900 PST Depth of Burial: 1,125 ft
Location: NTS U2et Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.7 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 1.6 x 10 -4

85 Kr in curies: 6.0 x 10 -4
137 Cs in curies: 8.0 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the ventilation line through the "kill" line at 2224 hours on February 20, 1983, lasting for 21 minutes.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 6, 1983.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AN) (C0) (OA) (RU)

Test: TURQUOISE
Date: 04/ 14/ 83 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 1105 PST Depth of Burial: 1,749 ft
Location: NTS U7bu Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

203 194
194 Page 195 196
Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 -3

131 I in curies: 2.5 x 10 -6

Release Summary: A release occurred on May 18, 1983.
References: (E) (H) (AN) (RV)

Test: ARMADA
Date: 04/ 22/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL/ UK
Time: 0553 PST Depth of Burial: 869 ft
Location: NTS U9cs Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 6.2 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 7.1 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A small release occurred on April 24, 1983, at 2223 hours that lasted for five minutes. The release occurred through the ventilation line while pulling the drill string out
of the hole.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AN) (OB) (RW)

Test: CROWDIE
Date: 05/ 05/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0820 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,280 ft
Location: NTS U2fe Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.0
133 Xe in curies: 3.1

133m Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 3.8

204 195
195 Page 196 197
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.8 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 3.8 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 3.0 x 10 -4
127 Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -6

Release Summary: Ten releases occurred through the ventilation line during coring operations, beginning at 0429 hours on May 7, 1983, and lasting for 182 minutes. An eleventh release oc-curred
through the ventilation line beginning at 2113 hours on May 8, 1983, and lasting for four minutes.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on December 6, 1983.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AN) (C0) (OC) (RX)

Test: MINI JADE
Date: 05/ 26/ 83 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 0730 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,243 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 12 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe and 133m Xe
Release Summary: A controlled ventilation occurred from H+5.2 days until H+6.2 days. Prior
to that time, activity had been contained inside the DPP until ventilation to the mesa had been
established. The release point was the N Tunnel mesa vent hole. Effluent was 89% 133 Xe and
11% 133m Xe.

References: (E) (H) (W) (AN) (RY)

Test: DANABLU
Date: 06/ 09/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1010 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U2eu Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

205 196
196 Page 197 198
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.2 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 7.1 x 10 -2

135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A release occurred on June 12, 1983.
References: (E) (H) (AN) (RZ)

Test: LABAN
Date: 08/ 03/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0633 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,070 ft
Location: NTS U2ff Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.1 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 1.2
135 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 1
131 I in curies: 1.1 x 10 -5
133 I in curies: 2.5 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A release occurred from the drill hole on August 5, 1983 and lasted for 48 minutes. At the same time, a release of xenons only occurred through the ventilation line.
Other releases through the ventilation line occurred at 0132 hours, 1030 hours, and 1040 hours on August 6, 1983.

Two planned releases of radioactive gas trapped above the drill hole plugs were vented at 0155 hours and 0420 hours on August 7, 1983. The ventilation line releases on August 6 and
7, 1983, totalled less than 0.3 curies.
References: (E) (H) (AN) (OD) (SA)

Test: JARLSBERG
Date: 08/ 27/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 656 ft
Location: NTS U10ca Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

206 197
197 Page 198 199
Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: Less than 1.0 x 10 -2
xenons in curies: less than 1.0 x 10 -2
Release Summary: A release occurred on August 29, 1983, at 1720 hours when the abandonment valve was closed.

References: (H) (AN) (X)
Test: ROMANO
Date: 12/ 16/ 83 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1030 PST Depth of Burial: 1,690 ft
Location: NTS U2ex Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.6 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 7.3 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 2.3 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 9.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred through the ventilation line during cementback operations at 0605 hours on December 21, 1983, and lasted for seven minutes.

References: (E) (H) (AO) (OF) (SB)
Test: GORBEA
Date: 01/ 31/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0730 PST Depth of Burial: 1,273 ft
Location: NTS U2cq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.9 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 8.5 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

207 198
198 Page 199 200
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 1
3 H in curies: 1.4

133 Xe in curies: 2.5 x 10 -2
37 Ar in curies: 9.6

Release Summary: Seven intermittent releases occurred during postshot drilling operations from February 2-5, 1984, for a total release time of approximately 66 minutes.

Releases (controlled) from the gas sampling containment tank occurred on March 23, 1984, and April 18, 1984.
References: (E) (H) (I) (X) (AO) (CR) (SC)
Test: AGRINI
Date: 03/ 31/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U2ev Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Test, Controlled Detected: Onsite Only Release: and Drillback

Test Release at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 6.9 x 10 2
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85m Kr, 87 Kr, 88 Kr, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, 135 Xe, and 135m Xe
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 2.8 x 10 -2

133 Xe in curies: 2.8 x 10 -4
37 Ar in curies: 1.6 x 10 -3

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
xenons in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
Release Summary: Releases occurred as follows: (1) seepage from the crater from 1530 hours on March 31, 1984, to 1900 hours on April 1, 1984; (2) a controlled, filtered release on

June 13, 1984; and (3) a ventilation line release at 0705 hours on April 5, 1984, during postshot drilling operations.

References: (E) (H) (I) (X) (AO) (CS) (OG) (OO) (SD)

208 199
199 Page 200 201
Test: ORKNEY
Date: 05/ 02/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0650 PDT Depth of Burial: 689 ft
Location: NTS U10be Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.3 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 1.7 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 9.8 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A release occurred from the ventilation line at 0927 hours on May 5, 1984.
References: (H) (AO) (Q0) (Q1)

Test: CAPROCK
Date: 05/ 31/ 84 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0604 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,969 ft
Location: NTS U4q Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.5 x 10 -2 (Accidental)
3 H in curies: 4.2 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 3.6 x 10 -4
37 Ar in curies: 1.3 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 -5

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.7 x 10 -3 (Controlled)
3 H in curies: 6.1 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 6.1 x 10 -4

Release Summary: LLNL performed a gas sampling operations on January 15, 1985, from which there was an accidental release and on March 5, 1985, from which there was a controlled
release from the gas sampling containment tank.

209 200
200 Page 201 202
References: (E) (H) (X) (AO) (T4)
Test: KAPPELI
Date: 07/ 25/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0830 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,100 ft
Location: NTS U20am Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Late-Time Seepage

Natural, Late-Time Seepage at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 1
Isotopes Detected in the Release: 85 Kr
Release Summary: Seepage began months after the test and continued as follows:
9/ 24/ 84 -12/ 31/ 84 0.5 curies of 85 Kr
11/ 25/ 84 -7/ 25/ 85 3.6 curies of 85 Kr
7/ 25/ 85 -7/ 25/ 86 5.0 curies of 85 Kr
References: (E) (H) (I) (X) (AO) (CU)

Test: BRETON
Date: 09/ 13/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,585 ft
Location: NTS U4ar Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 9.6 x 10 -3

133m Xe in curies: 4.2 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 -3

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release in Curies: 3.7 (Controlled)
133 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 3.5

210 201
201 Page 202 203
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 -1 (Accidental)
131m Xe in curies: 7.5 x 10 -5

133 Xe in curies: 9.7 x 10 -5
85 Kr in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 1.2 x 10 -1
37 Ar in curies: 3.5 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Releases occurred as follows: (1) a drillback release of 0.015 curies of xenon isotopes from the ventilation line on September 15, 1984, at 1834 hours, lasting for 4
minutes; (2) three controlled gas sampling releases totalling 3.7 curies of xenon isotopes and tritium at: a) 0939 hours on September 20, 1984, lasting for 53 minutes; b) 0917 hours on
September 24, 1984, lasting for 93 minutes; and c) 1043 hours on October 9, 1984, lasting for 51 minutes; and (3) an accidental release on January 15, 1985, from a break in the gas sampling
hose (not during a gas sampling operation).
References: (E) (H) (I) (X) (AO) (CV) (CW) (OH) (SS)

Test: TIERRA
Date: 12/ 15/ 84 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0645 PST Depth of Burial: 2,100 ft
Location: NTS U19ac Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Late-Time Seepage

Natural, Late-Time Seepage at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0 x 10 2
133 Xe in curies: 5.7 x 10 2

131m Xe in curies: 4.0
85 Kr in curies: 1.2 x 10 1
37 Ar in curies: 9.0

Release Summary: Seepage occurred intermittently from December 26, 1984, to January 4, 1986.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (CX) (SE)

211 202
202 Page 203 204
Test: VAUGHN
Date: 03/ 15/ 85 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0831 PST Depth of Burial: 1,401 ft
Location: NTS U3lr Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 2
133 Xe and 135 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 2

iodines in curies: 6.0 x 10 -3
Release Summary: A release occurred during installation of gas sampling tubing.
References: (E) (H) (AP) (SF)

Test: MISTY RAIN
Date: 04/ 06/ 85 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 1515 PST Depth of Burial: 1,276 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 17 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.3 x 10 1
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.5 x 10 1
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 47+10 picocuries of 133 Xe per cubic meter of air
at Reed Ranch Road, Nevada (unpopulated); 11+5 picocuries of 133 Xe per cubic meter of air at
Rachel, Nevada (populated)

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were detected.

Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: No iodines were detected.
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were detected.

212 203
203 Page 204 205
Release Summary: Controlled ventilation occurred from H+2. 85 days until H+4 days. Prior to
that time, the activity had been contained inside the gas seal plug until ventilation could be
reestablished. The release points were the N Tunnel portal and the N Tunnel mesa ventilation
lines. The effluent was 72% 133 Xe, 22% 135 Xe, and 6% 133m Xe.

References: (E) (H) (W) (AP) (DV) (SG)

Test: SALUT
Date: 06/ 12/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0815 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,995 ft
Location: NTS U20ak Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.1
133 Xe in curies: 3.0

133m Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 2.2 x 10 -2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.8 x 10 -1
3 H in curies: 5.5 x 10 -4

85 Kr in curies: 2.5 x 10 -2
127 Xe in curies: 1.2 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 -1
133m Xe in curies: 4.9 x 10 -1
131 I in curies: 1.1 x 10 -4

tritiated water: 5.3 x 10 -5
Release Summary: Four drillback releases occurred from the postshot ventilation line as follows: (1) at 1802 hours on June 19, 1985, lasting for 3.9 minutes; (2) at 2226 hours on June

19, 1985, lasting for 13 minutes; (3) at 1915 hours on June 20, 1985, lasting for 36.6 minutes and; (4) at 2110 hours on June 20, 1985, lasting for 10.3 minutes.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on August 6, 1985.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (C0) (SH)

213 204
204 Page 205 206
Test: VILLE
Date: 06/ 12/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1030 PDT Depth of Burial: 961 ft
Location: NTS U4am Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.7 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 7.0 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 1.1 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the postshot ventilation line on June 15, 1985.

A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on August 6, 1986.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (SI)

Test: MARIBO
Date: 06/ 26/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1103 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,250 ft
Location: NTS U2cs Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.2
133 Xe in curies: 3.1

133m Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 9.2 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred from the postshot ventilation line at 1145 hours on June 28, 1985, lasting for 4.5 minutes, and at 0107 hours on June 29, 1985, lasting for 52
minutes.

214 205
205 Page 206 207
References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (SJ)
Test: SERENA
Date: 07/ 25/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0700 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,959 ft
Location: NTS U20an Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.9
133 Xe in curies: 2.7

133m Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Eight drillback releases occurred from the postshot ventilation line as follows: (1) at 2148 hours on July 28, 1985, lasting for one minute; (2) at 1705 hours on August
1, 1985, lasting for one minute; (3) at 1727 hours on August 1, 1985, lasting for one minute; (4) at 1301 hours on August 3, 1985, lasting for one minute; (5) at 0920 hours on August 4,
1985, lasting for one minute; (6) at 0325 hours on August 6, 1985, lasting for 43 minutes; (7) at 1325 hours on August 6, 1985, lasting for 3.5 minutes; and (8) at 1341 hours on August 6, 1985,
lasting for 1.5 minutes.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (SK)

Test: CEBRERO
Date: 08/ 14/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 600 ft
Location: NTS U9cw Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.3 x 10 -4
3 H in curies: 4.0 x 10 -4

85 Kr in curies: 3.2 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on August 6, 1986.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AP) (C0)

215 206
206 Page 207 208
Test: MILL YARD
Date: 10/ 09/ 85 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 1340 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,230 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 20 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.9
Controlled Release Activity at R+ 12 Hours, in Curies: 4.6
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe, 135 Xe, and 135m Xe
Release Summary: Controlled ventilations occurred as follows:
1. Controlled ventilation from the working point side of the U12n. 20 drift was conducted from
H+1.9 days until H+2.5 days. The effluent was 80% 135 Xe, 18% 133 Xe, and 2% 133m Xe.

2. A controlled release occurred during ventilation of the MILL YARD cavity from H+16 days
until H+18 days. The effluent was 98% 133 Xe and 2% 133m Xe.

References: (E) (H) (W) (AQ) (SL)

Test: DIAMOND BEECH
Date: 10/ 09/ 85 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 1620 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,325 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 19 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 1.0
Isotopes Detected in Release: 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe
Release Summary: Controlled ventilations occurred as follows:

1. Ventilation of the tunnel to the portal side of the U12n. 19 DPP occurred from H+1.8 days
until H+2.5 days. The effluent was 80% 135 Xe, 11% 133m Xe, and 9% 133 Xe.

2. Ventilation of the U12n. 19 main drift occurred from H+8 days until H+9 days. The effluent
was 82% 133 Xe and 18% 133m Xe.

216 207
207 Page 208 209
References: (E) (H) (W) (AQ) (SL)
Test: ROQUEFORT
Date: 10/ 16/ 85 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1435 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,362 ft
Location: NTS U4as Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.7 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 2.4 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 3.4 x 10 -3
127 Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 -5
131 I in curies: 5.6 x 10 -7

tritiated water in curies: 2.6 x 10 -5
Release Summary: A controlled gas sampling containment tank release occurred on August 6, 1986.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AQ) (C0)
Test: ABO
Date: 10/ 30/ 85 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 644 ft
Location: NTS U3mc Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.0 -3.0 x 10 1
iodines in curies: 3.0 x 10 -2 -1.4 x 10 -1
xenons in curies: 6.0 -3.0 x 10 1
Release Summary: A release occurred from the mud line between 1900 and 2000 hours on October 31, 1965.

References: (E) (H) (AQ) (Q2) (QI) (TD)

217 208
208 Page 209 210
Test: GLENCOE
Date: 03/ 22/ 86 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0815 PST Depth of Burial: 2,000 ft
Location: NTS U4i Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 29 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 7.4 x 10 -2

135 Xe in curies: 8.9 x 10 -6
131 I in curies: 8.9 x 10 -6
133 I in curies: 9.6 x 10 -6

Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: Eighty-four picocuries of 133 Xe per cubic meter of air were measured on a gas sampler at Lathrop Wells, Nevada.

Release Summary: A release occurred during a sampling operation on March 27, 1989.
References: (E) (H) (U) (AQ) (HZ) (SM) (SV)

Test: MIGHTY OAK
Date: 04/ 10/ 86 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 0608 PST Depth of Burial: 1,294 ft
Location: NTS U12t. 08 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Offsite Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.6 x 10 4
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 3.3 x 10 4
Isotopes Detected in Release: 85 Kr, 131 I, and 133 Xe*

Maximum Activity Detected in Air Offsite: 430+15 picocuries of 133 Xe per cubic meter of air at Medlins Ranch, Nevada

Maximum Gamma Exposure Rate Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background levels were detected.
Maximum Iodine Level Detected Offsite: 4.6 picocuries of 131 I per cubic meter of air at Twin
Springs Ranch, Nevada**

218 209
209 Page 210 211
Maximum Distance Radiation Detected Offsite: No radiation intensities above background were detected.
Release Summary: Eight controlled ventilations occurred as follows:
1. Controlled ventilation from the gas seal plug (GSP) to the DPP was performed from 0950 hours on April 22 to 0611 hours on April 23, 1986. At the time of release, 340 curies of

activity were released (calculated to be 316 curies at R+12).***
2. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex, work point side of the DPP, was performed from 1040 hours to 1440 hours on April 25. At the time of release, 3,400 curies were released

(calculated to be 3,200 curies at R+12).***
3. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 1002 hours on April 28 to 0310 hours on April 29. At the time of release, 9,800 curies were released (calculated to be

9,100 curies at R+12).***
4. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 1034 hours to 1504 hours on April 29. At the time of release, 1,800 curies were released (calculated to be 1,700 curies at

R+12).***
5. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 1422 hours to 1805 hours on April 30. At the time of release, 1,200 curies were released (calculated to be 1,100 curies at

R+12).***
6. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 1011 hours to 1937 hours on May 1, 1986. At the time of release, 4,900 curies were released (calculated to be 4,600 curies

at R+12).***
7. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 0946 hours on May 2 to 0450 hours on May 4. At the time of release, 9,000 curies were released (calculated to be

8,400 curies at R+12).***
8. Controlled ventilation of the tunnel complex occurred from 1350 hours on May 5 to 1050 hours on May 19. At the time of release, 5,500 curies were released (calculated to be

5,100 curies at R+12).***
The total release, at the time of release, was 36,000 curies; at R+12, the total activity was calculated to be 33,000 curies.

References: (E) (H) (K) (T) (U) (AQ) (CA) (DT)
______________________________
*The total release associated with MIGHTY OAK was assumed to be all 133 Xe, but during the
ventilation period, 2.4 curies of 131 I and 4.3 curies of 85 Kr were also released.

** Attributed to the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Soviet Union and not to this test.
*** All ventilations of the tunnel were accomplished with the approval of the Test Controller.

219 210
210 Page 211 212
Test: JEFFERSON
Date: 04/ 22/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0630 PST Depth of Burial: 1,998 ft
Location: NTS U20ai Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 1.6 x 10 -5

Release Summary: A release occurred through the ventilation line on April 28, 1986, at 1310 hours lasting for six minutes, as the drill string was being removed from the hole.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AQ) (OI) (SN)
Test: PANAMINT
Date: 05/ 21/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0659 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,575 ft
Location: NTS U2gb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.3
133 Xe in curies: 1.2

133m Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 2.1
131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -4
133 I in curies: 9.0 x 10 -4

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 -1
3 H in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1

85 Kr in curies: 2.5 x 10 -4

Release Summary: Releases occurred through the Regan head and the ventilation line during
postshot drilling operations at 1358 hours on May 23, 1986, lasting for 3.7 minutes.

220 211
211 Page 212 213
A gas sampling experiment was performed on June 26, 1987, from which a controlled release occurred.
References: (E) (H) (X) (AQ) (OJ) (SO) (TF)
Test: CYBAR
Date: 07/ 17/ 86 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 1400 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,060 ft
Location: NTS U19ar Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 119 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A release occurred on August 14, 1986.
References: (E) (H) (AQ) (SP) (SV)

Test: CORNUCOPIA
Date: 07/ 24/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0805 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,250 ft
Location: NTS U2gaS Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 9.9 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 6.6 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A controlled release occurred during a gas sampling operation conducted on June 26, 1987.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AQ) (TG)

221 212
212 Page 213 214
Test: LABQUARK
Date: 09/ 30/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1530 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,020 ft
Location: NTS U19an Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Late-Time Seepage

Natural, Late-Time Seepage Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.6 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 2.6

85 Kr in curies: 1.3 x 10 1

Release Summary: Two late-time releases, due to seepage, occurred from October 25, 1986 to January 13, 1987.

References: (E) (H) (X) (AQ) (T5)
Test: BELMONT
Date: 10/ 16/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1200 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,985 ft
Location: NTS U20as Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.5 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -1

133m Xe in curies: 3.4 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 8.0 x 10 -5

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.4 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 4.8 x 10 -2

85 Kr in curies: 1.6 x 10 -2

Release Summary: A release through the ventilation line during drillback operations occurred
at 0555 hours on October 23, 1986, and lasted for four minutes.

A gas sampling experiment was performed on July 14, 1987, from which a controlled release occurred.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BA) (OK) (SQ) (TH)

222 213
213 Page 214 215
Test: GASCON
Date: 11/ 14/ 86 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 1,949 ft
Location: NTS U4t Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 7.3 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 6.7 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 6.3 x 10 -4
127 Xe in curies: 2.9 x 10 -5

Release Summary: LLNL performed a gas sampling experiment in June 1987 from which there was a controlled release.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BA) (TI)
Test: BODIE
Date: 12/ 13/ 86 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0950 PST Depth of Burial: 2,083 ft
Location: NTS U20ap Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Drillback and Detected: Onsite Only Release: Late-Time Seepage

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2
133 Xe in curies: 1.2

133m Xe in curies: 4.8 x 10 -2
135 Xe in curies: 9.8 x 10 -4

Natural, Late-Time Seepage Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 4.4 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.0
131m Xe in curies: 1.0
85 Kr in curies: 2.0
37 Ar in curies: 1.0

223 214
214 Page 215 216
Release Summary: Five drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line from 2307 hours on December 20, 1986, until 0215 hours on December 21, 1986, for a total release time of
24.3 minutes. Seepage occurred continuously from December 15, 1986, to January 20, 1987, and sporadically, depending on the atmospheric pressure, until December 16, 1987.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BA) (OL) (OM) (SR) (TJ)
Detonations: HAZEBROOK, -EMERALD (GREEN)*,
-CHECKERBERRY (RED)*, -APRICOT (ORANGE)** (simultaneous, same hole)

Date: 02/ 03/ 87 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0720 PST Depth of Burial: 610 ft, 742 ft, 860 ft
Location: NTS U10bh Purpose: Weapons Related* Safety Experiment**

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 -3
3 H in curies: 2.3 x 10 -3

85 Kr in curies: 1.0 x 10 -4
137 Cs in curies: 8.2 x 10 -6

Release Summary: LLNL performed a gas sampling experiment on June 26, 1987, from which there was a controlled release from the containment tank.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BA) (TK)
Test: HARDIN
Date: 04/ 30/ 87 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0630 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,051 ft
Location: NTS U20av Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.1 x 10 -1
3 H in curies: 1.9 x 10 -1

85 Kr in curies: 2.4 x 10 -2
137 Cs in curies: 8.9 x 10 -6

224 215
215 Page 216 217
Release Summary: A controlled release occurred during gas sampling operations on November 9, 1987.
References: (E) (H) (X) (BA) (TL)
Test: MISSION GHOST
Date: 06/ 20/ 87 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,054 ft
Location: NTS U12t. 09 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.0
85 Kr in curies: 3.0

Release Summary: The activity was contained within the cavity until ventilation was established on December 16, 1987. The release continued intermittently for approximately three
weeks.
References: (E) (H) (K) (BA) (CB) (TM)

Test: PANCHUELA
Date: 06/ 30/ 87 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0905 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,050 ft
Location: NTS U3mg Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 -1.0 x 10 2
xenons in curies: 5.0 -1.0 x 10 2
iodines in curies: 5.0 x 10 -2 -3.0 x 10 -1
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred between 0600 and 1235 hours on July 3, 1987.
References: (E) (H) (Y) (BA) (OP) (OR) (TN) (TO)

225 216
216 Page 217 218
Test: LOCKNEY
Date: 09/ 24/ 87 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,020 ft
Location: NTS U19aq Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.0
xenons in curies: 4.0
iodines in curies: 1.0 x 10 -3
Release Summary: A drillback release occurred between 1900 and 2000 hours on October 6, 1987.

References: (E) (H) (Y) (BA) (OP) (OS) (TN) (TP)
Test: BORATE
Date: 10/ 23/ 87 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0900 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,780 ft
Location: NTS U2ge Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 1.9 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 7.8 x 10 -4
135 Xe in curies: 4.6 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred through the ventilation line filter system at 1126 hours on October 26, 1987, and lasted for 2.8 minutes.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BB) (ON) (OT) (TQ)

226 217
217 Page 218 219
Test: SCHELLBOURNE
Date: 05/ 13/ 88 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0835 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,520 ft
Location: NTS U2gf Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.2 x 10 1
133 Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 1

133m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 7.3
131 I in curies: 3.2 x 10 -5
133 I in curies: 1.1 x 10 -4

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
137 Cs in curies: 7.3 x 10 -6

85 Kr in curies: 1.8 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 8.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Several intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line beginning at 1728 hours on May 15, 1988, until 1206 hours on May 20, 1988. A release from
the drilling platform occurred on May 15, 1988.
A gas sampling operation was performed on July 13, 1989, from which there was a controlled release from the containment tank.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BB) (OU) (T1) (TR) (VJ)
Test: COMSTOCK
Date: 06/ 02/ 88 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0600 PDT Depth of Burial: 2,035 ft
Location: NTS U20ay Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

227 218
218 Page 219 220
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.3 x 10 -3
85 Kr in curies: 3.3 x 10 -4

3 H in curies: 4.0 x 10 -3

Release Summary: A gas sampling operation was performed on July 12, 1989, from which there was a controlled release from the containment tank.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BB) (T1)
Test: BULLFROG
Date: 08/ 30/ 88 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1100 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,605 ft
Location: NTS U4au Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback and Gas Sampling

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.4
133 Xe in curies: 4.1

133m Xe in curies: 2.6 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 7.3 x 10 -2

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.6 x 10 -2
85 Kr in curies: 9.0 x 10 -3

3 H in curies: 2.7 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Seven intermittent drillback releases occurred from the ventilation line
beginning at 1027 hours on September 3, 1988, until 2304 hours on September 4, 1988, lasting
for 36 minutes.

A gas sampling operation was performed on July 13, 1989, from which there was a controlled release.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BB) (OV) (T1) (TR) (VK)

228 219
219 Page 220 221
Test: MISTY ECHO
Date: 12/ 10/ 88 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 1230 PST Depth of Burial: 1,313 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 23 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 6.7
127 Xe in curies: 5.8 x 10 -6

129m Xe in curies: 7.5 x 10 -5
131m Xe in curies: 3.4 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 3.4 x 10 -1
85 Kr in curies: 1.2 x 10 -1
3 H in curies: 3.4 x 10 -2
37 Ar in curies: 6.2
39 Ar in curies: 2.7 x 10 -3

Release Summary: Effluent was released during an experimental gas diagnostics program that started on January 26, 1989, and continued intermittently until April 19, 1989. The effluent was
filtered before being released into the tunnel ventilation system.
References: (E) (H) (K) (BC) (CD) (T0)

Detonations: KAWICH-RED, -BLACK (simultaneous, same hole)
Date: 02/ 24/ 89 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0815 PST Depth of Burial: 1,214 ft, 1,414 ft
Location: NTS U2cu Purpose: Weapons Related (-RED) Safety Experiment (-BLACK)

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 9.8
133 Xe in curies: 7.0

133m Xe in curies: 3.0 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 2.5

229 220
220 Page 221 222
Release Summary: Nineteen intermittent drillback releases occurred from the vent line beginning on February 26, 1989, and lasting through March 1, 1989, with a total release time of
6.9 hours.
References: (E) (H) (X) (BC) (CY) (T1)

Detonations: PALISADE-1, -2, -3 (simultaneous, same hole)
Date: 05/ 15/ 89 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0610 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,132 ft, 1,286 ft, 1,326 ft
Location: NTS U4at Purpose: Weapons Related (-1) Safety Experiment (-2 and -3)

Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt (each)
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4
133 Xe in curies: 1.0

135 Xe in curies: 1.4

Release Summary: A gas sampling operation release occurred from the drilling platform at 1327 hours on May 17, 1989, and lasted for 36 minutes.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BC) (T1) (T2)
Test: DISKO ELM
Date: 09/ 14/ 89 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 857 ft
Location: NTS U12p. 03 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled and Gas Sampling

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.8 x 10 -1 *
Controlled Release Activity at R+12 Hours, in Curies: 4.2 x 10 -1
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 85 Kr, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, 133m Xe, and 135 Xe
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.7 x 10 1
127 Xe in curies: 3.2 x 10 -5

129m Xe in curies: 2.1 x 10 -3
131m Xe in curies: 2.3 x 10 -1

230 221
221 Page 222 223
133 Xe in curies: 3.7 x 10 1
133m Xe in curies: 6.2 x 10 -1
37 Ar in curies: 8.9
39 Ar in curies: 1.5 x 10 -3
85 Kr in curies: 2.8 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Controlled releases occurred as follows: (1) on September 18-19, 1989, from 0950 to 1000 hours from the LOS drift when effluent was filtered before being released to
the environment; (2) on October 23, 1989, and January 10, 1990, when various sections of the LOS pipe were purged into the tunnel ventilation system; and (3)** during an experimental gas
diagnostics program, on an intermittent basis, from September 25 to December 12, 1989.
In addition, small amounts of effluent 85 Kr were released during reentry mining operations between March 27, and April 17, 1990. These releases did not add significantly to the total

release of radioactivity associated with the DISKO ELM test.
References: (E) (H) (K) (BC) (CE) (CF) (T0)
____________________________ *Totals include both filtered and unfiltered releases.

** These releases were unfiltered, but controlled. Experience gained from the MISTY ECHO experimental gas diagnostics program indicated that only noble gases would be released.

Test: BARNWELL
Date: 12/ 08/ 89 Sponsor: LLNL/ UK
Time: 0700 PST Depth of Burial: 1,971 ft
Location: NTS U20az Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Drillback and Detected: Onsite Only Release: Late-Time Seepage

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.7 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 5.6 x 10 -2

133m Xe in curies: 1.4 x 10 -3
135 Xe in curies: 6.0 x 10 -5

Natural, Late-Time Seepage Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.7 x 10 1
131m Xe in curies: 1.2

133 Xe in curies: 4.1 x 10 1

231 222
222 Page 223 224
133m Xe in curies: 6.4 x 10 -2
85 Kr in curies: 4.3

Release Summary: A drillback release occurred from the vent line on December 14, 1989,
lasting for four minutes.

Seepage began on December 17, 1989, at approximately 1820 hours and continued until March 7, 1990.

References: (E) (H) (X) (BD) (T1) (T3)
Test: METROPOLIS
Date: 03/ 10/ 90 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 0800 PST Depth of Burial: 1,540 ft
Location: NTS U2gh Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.9
133 Xe in curies: 5.7

133m Xe in curies: 1.8 x 10 -1
135 Xe in curies: 7.7 x 10 -2
131 I in curies: 8.8 x 10 -5
133 I in curies: 1.9 x 10 -4

Release Summary: Drillback releases occurred as follows: (1) from the drilling platform intermittently between March 12-14, 1990, and (2) from the ventilation line March 14-15, 1990,
when nine intermittent releases lasted for approximately one hour.
References: (E) (BD) (CM) (CN) (CO) (T6)

Detonation: MINERAL QUARRY (simultaneous with RANDSBURG, separate drifts)

Date: 07/ 25/ 90 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 0800 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,278 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 22 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled and Gas Sampling

232 223
223 Page 224 225
Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.5 x 10 -1*
Isotopes Identified in the Release: 37 Ar, 39 Ar, 85 Kr, 131 I, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, and 133m Xe
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4**
131m Xe in curies: 5.2 x 10 -2

133 Xe in curies: 9.3 x 10 -2
37 Ar in curies: 2.2
39 Ar in curies: 1.2 x 10 -3
85 Kr in curies: 7.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Controlled ventilation occurred as follows: (1) from the LOS pipe between the tunnel and pipe seal (TAPS) and the gas seal auxiliary closure (GSAC) on August 16, 1990,
from 0840 hours until August 17, 1990, at 0640 hours, and (2) from drilling and sampling of cavity gases intermittently between October 1 and December 5, 1990.

The effluent from the LOS pipe was not filtered before being introduced into the tunnel ventilation system, while effluent from drilling and cavity sampling was passed through a
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and a charcoal filter combination before being released.

Sampling of cavity gases was part of an experimental gas diagnostics program. The gas released during this operation was from purging the sampling line to ensure a representative sample, and
therefore represents the upper limit of the radioactive effluent released.
References: (E) (BD) (CG) (T8)
______________________ *Released from ventilation of the LOS pipe between the tunnel and pipe seal and the gas seal

auxiliary closure.
** Total includes releases from drilling.

Test: TENABO
Date: 10/ 12/ 90 Sponsor: LLNL
Time: 1030 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,969 ft
Location: NTS U20bb Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.2 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -5

131 I in curies: 1.2 x 10 -3

233 224
224 Page 225 226
Release Summary: Drillback releases (xenon-133) occurred from the drilling platform at 0032 hours on October 19, 1990, lasting for two minutes, and at 0250 hours lasting for one
minute. Iodine-131 was also released intermittently from the drilling platform from October 18-30, 1990.

References: (E) (BE) (CK) (CL) (T6)
Test: HOUSTON
Date: 11/ 14/ 90 Sponsor: LANL/ UK
Time: 1117 PST Depth of Burial: 1,950 ft
Location: NTS U19az Purpose: Joint US-UK
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.0 x 10 -4
133 Xe in curies: 1.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred on November 23, 1990, and continued intermittently until December 28, 1990, after drillback operations were completed, but before cementback
operations began.
References: (E) (BE) (T7)

Test: BEXAR
Date: 04/ 04/ 91 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 1100 PST Depth of Burial: 2,066 ft
Location: NTS U19ba Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Cementback

Cementback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 5.0 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 5.0 x 10 -1

131 I in curies: 1.0 x 10 -4

Release Summary: A release occurred during cementback operations on April 14, 1991, lasting for 10 days.

References: (E) (BE) (S0)

234 225
225 Page 226 227
Test: DISTANT ZENITH
Date: 09/ 19/ 91 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 0930 PDT Depth of Burial: 865 ft
Location: NTS U12p. 04 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled and Gas Sampling

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 4.1 x 10 -1*
Isotopes Detected in the Release: 37 Ar, 39 Ar, 85 Kr, 127 Xe, 129m Xe, 131m Xe, 133 Xe, and 133m
Xe

Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 3.7**
127 Xe in curies: 3.6 x 10 -6

131m Xe in curies: 2.0 x 10 -3
133 Xe in curies: 3.5 x 10 -2
37 Ar in curies: 2.4
39 Ar in curies: 1.8 x 10 -4
85 Kr in curies: 1.3

tritiated water in curies: 1.4 x 10 -5
Release Summary: Controlled filtered ventilations of the LOS pipe occurred as follows: (1) between the TAPS and the GSAC on October 8, 1991, lasting for 5.5 hours, and (2) between

the GSAC and the fast acting closure (FAC) on March 17, 1992, lasting for 9.5 hours.
In addition, filtered releases of radioactivity occurred intermittently during gas sampling operations, as part of an experimental gas diagnostics program, between October 28 and

December 17, 1991.
Release of noble gas occurred during operations when six probe holes were drilled to determine the size and shape of the chimney produced by the test. These releases occurred between

May 12 and May 29, 1992. Because this work was done more than six months after test execution, the effluent released from these probe holes was not filtered.

References: (E) (BE) (CH) (S1)
______________________ *Released from ventilation of the LOS pipe between the tunnel and pipe seal and the fast acting

closure.
** Total includes releases from probe hole drilling and related operations.

235 226
226 Page 227 228
Test: LUBBOCK
Date: 10/ 18/ 91 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 1213 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,500 ft
Location: NTS U3mt Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: 20 to 150 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 8.3 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 8.3 x 10 -2

Release Summary: Xenon-133 was released during instrument calibration. The calibration began at 0800 hours on November 19, 1991, and lasted for six hours.

References: (E) (BF) (S0)
Test: DIAMOND FORTUNE
Date: 04/ 30/ 92 Sponsor: DoD/ LANL
Time: 0930 PDT Depth of Burial: 776 ft
Location: NTS U12p. 05 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Controlled

Controlled Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 2.4 x 10 -1
Isotopes Detected in the Release: 131 I and 133 Xe
Release Summary: A controlled release through the tunnel ventilation system occurred intermittently between May 4 and July 2, 1992.

References: (E) (BF) (CI) (S2)
Test: HUNTERS TROPHY
Date: 09/ 18/ 92 Sponsor: DoD/ LLNL
Time: 1000 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,264 ft
Location: NTS U12n. 24 Purpose: Weapons Effects
Type: Tunnel Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Gas Sampling

236 227
227 Page 228 229
Gas Sampling Release Activity at Time of Release in Curies: 9.1 x 10 -1
127 Xe in curies: 5.7 x 10 -6

129m Xe in curies: 2.4 x 10 -5
131m Xe in curies: 1.5 x 10 -2
133 Xe in curies: 3.9 x 10 -2
37 Ar in curies: 7.9 x 10 -1
39 Ar in curies: 8.1 x 10 -5
85 Kr in curies: 1.3 x 10 -2
3 H in curies: 5.0 x 10 -2

tritiated water in curies: 1.8 x 10 -5
Release Summary: Releases during drilling operations occurred as follows: (1) on November 18, 1992, beginning at 2100 hours and lasting for two hours and (2) on

November 19, 1992, beginning at 0845 hours and lasting for two hours. During gas sampling operations, there were six intermittent releases between November 19, 1992, and
January 5, 1993. Each release lasted less than 0.5 hours.
Effluent was passed through a HEPA and charcoal filter combination before being released through the tunnel ventilation system. Releases of radioactivity during gas sampling operations

were part of an experimental gas diagnostics program.
References: (E) (BF) (CJ) (S2)

Test: DIVIDER
Date: 09/ 23/ 92 Sponsor: LANL
Time: 0804 PDT Depth of Burial: 1,397 ft
Location: NTS U3ml Purpose: Weapons Related
Type: Shaft Yield: Less than 20 kt
Release Type of Detected: Onsite Only Release: Drillback

Drillback Release Activity at Time of Release, in Curies: 1.1 x 10 -1
133 Xe in curies: 1.1 x 10 -1

Release Summary: Xenon-133 was released during instrument calibration. Calibration began at 1000 hours on October 14, 1992, and lasted for four hours.

References: (E) (BF) (T9)

237 228
228 Page 229 230
REFERENCES
A. DNA; Compilation of Local Fallout Data from Test Detonations 1945-1962, Extracted from
DASA 1251, Volume I -Continental U. S. Tests; May 1, 1979 (DNA 1251-1-EX).*

B. LASL; Summary of Data from Underground Nuclear Test Events Conducted by or Using
Devices Designed by LASL (U) (9/ 16/ 61-6/ 30/ 73); August 1974 (LA-5709). Document
Classification [SRD]

C. LLL; Data Summary of Underground Nuclear Tests Conducted at NTS (U)
(9/ 15/ 61-12/ 31/ 79); February 15, 1980 (CN-TGD-530, Revision XI). Document
Classification [SRD]

D. Allen, R. E. (USAEC); Summary Information on Accidental Releases of Radioactivity to
the Atmosphere from Underground Nuclear Detonations Designed for Containment,
August 5, 1963 -June 30, 1971; June 1971 (WASH 1183).*

E. DOE/ NV; United States Nuclear Tests -July 1945 through December 1992; December
1994 (DOE/ NV-209, Rev. 14).*

F. USAEC; Offsite Environmental Contamination from Nuclear Explosives at NTS -September
15, 1961 -September 15, 1962; September 1962 (TID-18892).*

G. Allen, R. E. (USAEC); Summary Information on Releases of Radioactive Effluent to the
Atmosphere from Underground Nuclear Detonations 1961-1964 (Deleted); October 1966
(WASH-1072).*

H. Pawloski, G. A. and Richardson, W. (LLNL); Selected Event Data (U); March 1990
(UCID-18532-90). Document Classification [CFRD]

I. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Personal Conversations Re: LLNL Health & Safety Files.
J. Dummer, J. E. (LANL); Personal Conversations Re: LANL Health & Safety Files.
K. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Personal Conversations Re: DoD/ SANDIA Health & Safety Files.
L. Tucker, G. E. (SNL); Letter to H. M. Borella, EG& G, Subject: Summary of NTS Effluent
Release Information on Sandia and DNA Events from 1962 to the Present; August 31, 1982.

M. Black, S. C. (EPA); Personal Conversations Re: EPA Reports and Monitoring Logs.
N. Hague, R. S. (DOE/ NV); Memo to Test Authorities Liaison Office Files, Subject:
Radioactive Release Quantities September 15, 1961, to Present; April 19, 1979.*

O. LLNL; Event Listing; February 1, 1988 (K-88-950).
P. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Letter to Col. J. T. Jones, DASA/ TCDC, Subject: General Summary
of Radioactive Effluent Releases; September 18, 1969.*

______________________________
* These documents are available through the DOE/ NV Public Reading Facility, 2621 Losee
Road, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030.

238 229
229 Page 230 231
REFERENCES (Continued)
Q. Campbell, J. H. (DOE/ NV/ OEA); Personal Conversations.
R. DoD/ SC; "DoD-Sandia Effluent Release Summary March 5, 1966 -September 12, 1966"
(Deleted); September 12, 1966.*

S. Campbell, J. H. (DOE/ NV/ OEA); Classification Notice -FENTON Event; September 11,
1987.

T. DOE/ NV; Containment and Safety Review for the MIGHTY OAK Nuclear Weapon Effects
Test; May 1, 1987 (NVO-311).*

U. EPA; Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report: Radiation Monitoring Around United
States Nuclear Test Areas, Calendar Year 1986; May 1987 (EPA/ 600/ 4-87/ 017).*

V. Ristvet, B. L. (DNA/ NVCG); Personal Conversations with D. L. Wheeler
(DOE/ NV/ HPED) Re: DNA Files.

W. Tucker, G. E. (SNL); Memo to L. J. O'Neill, DOE/ NV/ HPD, Subject: Update of NTS
Tunnel Effluent Release History; May 20, 1986.

X. Raschke, K. E. and Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Personal Conversations Re: LLNL Health &
Safety Files.

Y. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Personal Conversations Re: LANL Health & Safety Files.
Z. EPA; Summary of Accidental Releases of Radioactivity Detected Off the Nevada Test Site:
1963-1986; August 1988 (EPA/ 600/ 8-87/ 054).*

AA. H& N; NVOO Completion Report, Operation Mandrel (U); August 1971 (NVO-94).
Document Classification [SRD]

AB. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Emery (U); April 1972 (NVO-110). Document
Classification [SRD]

AC. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Grommet (U); February 1973 (NVO-122).
Document Classification [SRD]

AD. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Toggle (U); February 1974 (NVO-141).
Document Classification [SRD]

AE. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Arbor (U); February 1975 (NVO-150).
Document Classification [SRD]

AF. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Bedrock (U); January 1976 (NVO-162).
Document Classification [SRD]

AG. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Anvil (U); April 1977 (NVO-180). Document
Classification [SRD]

239 230
230 Page 231 232
REFERENCES (Continued)
AH. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Fulcrum (U); April 1978 (NVO-190). Document
Classification [SRD]

AI. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Cresset (U); May 1979 (NVO-201). Document
Classification [SRD]

AJ. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Quicksilver (U); May 1980 (NVO-215).
Document Classification [SRD]

AK. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Tinderbox (U); June 1981 (NVO-231).
Document Classification [SRD]

AL. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Guardian (U); June 1982 (NVO-237). Document
Classification [SRD]

AM. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Praetorian (U); September 1983 (NVO-246).
Document Classification [SRD]

AN. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Phalanx (U); March 1985 (NVO-278).
Document Classification [SRD]

AO. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Fusileer (U); December 1985 (NVO-292).
Document Classification [SRD]

AP. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Grenadier (U); April 1987 (NVO-301).
Document Classification [SRD]

AQ. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Charioteer (U); September 1987 (NVO-310).
Document Classification [SRD]

AR. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Storax (U); February 1964 (NVO-6).
Document Classification [SRD]

AS. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Niblick (U); January 1965 (NVO-19).
Document Classification [SRD]

AT. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Whetstone (U); April 1966 (NVO-25).
Document Classification [SRD]

AU. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Flintlock (U); March 1967 (NVO-33).
Document Classification [SRD]

AV. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Latchkey (U); May 1968 (NVO-36).
Document Classification [SRD]

AW. H& N; NVOO Completion Report, Operation Crosstie (U); June 1969 (NVO-42).
Document Classification [SRD]

AX. H& N; NVOO Completion Report, Operation Bowline (U); January 1970 (NVO-66).
Document Classification [SRD]

240 231
231 Page 232 233
REFERENCES (Continued)
AY. H& N; Report of the Test Manager -Operation Nougat (U); December 1963 (NVO-5).
Document Classification [SRD]

AZ. H& N; Project Manager's Report -Project Roller Coaster (U); May 1964 (NVO-10).
Document Classification [CRD]

BA. H& N; NV Completion Report, Operation Musketeer (U); March 1989 (NVO-324).
Document Classification [SRD]

BB. H& N; NVO Completion Report, Operation Touchstone Part II (U); August 1990
(NVO-327). Document Classification [SRD]

BC. RSN; NVO Completion Report, Operation Cornerstone Part II (U); February 1991
(NVO-338). Document Classification [SRD]

BD. RSN; NVO Completion Report, Operation Aqueduct Part II (U); September 1991
(DOE/ NV-342). Document Classification [SRD]

BE. RSN; Nevada Operations Office Completion Report, Operation Sculpin Part II (U);
June 1992 (DOE/ NV-347). Document Classification [SRD]

BF. RSN; Nevada Operations Office Completion Report, Operation Julin Part II (U); June 1993
(DOE/ NV -359). Document Classification [SRD]

C0. LLNL; Data Summary of Underground Nuclear Tests Conducted at NTS (U)
(01/ 01/ 80-09/ 30/ 92); working document (CN-TGD-3254, revision of CN-TGN-530).
Document Classification [SRD]

CA. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to B. F. Eubank, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation of
the MIGHTY OAK Event; August 2, 1989.

CB. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to B. F. Eubank, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation of
the MISSION GHOST Event; August 2, 1989.

CC. Gottschalk, V. B. and Bennett, W. P. (LRL); Memo to Distribution, UC/ LRL, Subject: EEL
Venting, U9m; August 6, 1962.

CD. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to B. F. Eubank, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation of
the MISTY ECHO Event; February 15, 1990.

CE. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to B. F. Eubank, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation of
the DISKO ELM Event; March 29, 1990.

CF. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to R. Staley, OCC/ OMB, Subject: Documentation of
Radioactive Effluent Released During Reentry Mining Activities on the DISKO ELM
Event; August 15, 1990.

CG. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to B. F. Eubank, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation of
the MINERAL QUARRY Event; January 30, 1991.

241 232
232 Page 233 234
REFERENCES (Continued)
CH. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to M. R. Woolard, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation
of the DISTANT ZENITH Event; January 26, 1993.

CI. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to M. R. Woolard, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation
of the DIAMOND FORTUNE Event; March 25, 1993.

CJ. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to M. R. Woolard, REECo, Subject: Effluent Documentation
of the HUNTERS TROPHY Event; February 3, 1993.

CK. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Health Physics Summary Report
-TENABO, U20BB; April 2, 1991.

CL. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Radioactive Releases -TENABO,
U20BB; December 11, 1990.

CM. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Health Physics Summary Report
-METROPOLIS, U2GH; April 1, 1991.

CN. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Post-Shot Drilling Radiation
Releases, METROPOLIS, U2GH; March 22, 1990.

CO. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Iodine Release -METROPOLIS,
U2GH; March 30, 1990.

CP. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U20aa, COLBY Event; (U) August 14, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

CQ. Evarts R. B. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Postshot Ventline Release -U8m,
FRISCO; January 12, 1983.

CR. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Post Ventline Release -U2cq,
GORBEA; February 9, 1984.

CS. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Postevent Gas Sampling Release -U2ev;
June 15, 1984.

CU. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Release of 85 Kr -KAPPELLI,
U20am; March 3, 1986.

CV. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Postshot Releases -BRETON,
U4ar; October 17, 1984.

CW. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Accidental Severing Gas Sampling
Line -U4ar, BRETON; January 18, 1985.

CX. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "TIERRA Seep Results"; September 10, 1985.
CY. Haeberlin, J. M. (LLNL); Memorandum to K. E. Raschke, LLNL, Subject: Postshot
Drilling Radiation Releases, KAWICH, U2cu; April 10, 1989.

242 233
233 Page 234 235
REFERENCES (Continued)
CZ. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memorandum to File, Subject: Postshot Ventline Release -U20ad,
PEPATO; June 26, 1979.

DA. USPHS; Operation NOUGAT Final Report -U. S. Public Health Service Off-Site
Radiological Safety; April 24, 1964 (SWRHL-1r).*

DB. USPHS; Operation STORAX Final Report -U. S. Public Health Service Off-Site
Radiological Safety; July 20, 1965 (SWRHL-4r).*

DC. USPHS; Project GNOME -Final Report -Off-Site Radiological Safety Report; May 22,
1962 (PNE-132F).*

DD. USPHS; Final Off-Site Report of the Project SEDAN Event, July 6, 1962, Plowshare
Program; December 12, 1962 (PNE-200F).*

DE. Coogan, J. S.; Wait, D. L.; and Waligora, S. J. (USPHS); Operation ROLLER COASTER -Project
Officer's Report 2.8, Off-Site Survey; September 17, 1968 (WT-2511) POR-2511.*

DF. USPHS; "Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the PIKE Event of March 13, 1964"
(Draft); July 28, 1964.*

DG. USPHS; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for Operation Niblick, July 1, 1963 -June
30, 1964; April 1, 1966 (SWRHL-12r).*

DH. USPHS; "Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the ALVA Event of August 19, 1964"
(Draft); October 13, 1964.*

DI. USPHS; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DRILL Event of December 5, 1964;
October 18, 1965 (SWRHL-21r).*

DJ. USPHS; "Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for Project SULKY"; March 9, 1965.*
DK. USPHS; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for Project PALANQUIN; October 19, 1965
(PNE-910F).*

DL. EPA; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the PIN STRIPE Event, April 25, 1966;
February 1972 (SWRHL-59r).*

DM. USPHS; "Final Report -Addendum I, PIN STRIPE Event, April 25, 1966"; November 22,
1966.*

DN. USPHS; "Final Report -Addendum, NASH Event, January 19, 1967"; July 28, 1967.*
DO. USPHS; "Test Manager's Report -Operation Crosstie"; August 27, 1968.*
DP. USPHS; Project BUGGY, Off-Site Environmental Surveillance; January 29, 1971
(PNE-327).*

DQ. EPA; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for Project SCHOONER; September 27, 1971
(PNE-524).*

243 234
234 Page 235 236
REFERENCES (Continued)
DR. EPA; "Project RULISON Off-Site Surveillance for the Flaring Operation, August 1, 1970 -April
23, 1971 (Preliminary Report)"; May 28, 1971.*

DS. EPA; Final Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the BANEBERRY Event, December 18,
1970; February 1972 (SWRHL-107r).*

DT. Black, S. C.; Smith, A. E.; and Costa, C. F. (EPA); Off-Site Monitoring for the MIGHTY
OAK Nuclear Test; July 1986 (EPA/ 600/ 4-86-030).*

DU. USAEC/ NVO; "Operational Safety Plan -Project SHOAL"; May 1963.*
DV. EPA; "Report of Offsite Surveillance for the MISTY RAIN Tunnel Ventilation";
May 1985.*

DW. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DIAMOND DUST Event of
May 12, 1970"; May 1970.

DX. USPHS; Offsite Surveillance Activities of the Southwestern Radiological Health
Laboratory from January through June 1965; July 1, 1966 (SWRHL-23r).*

DY. EPA; Off-Site Surveillance Activities of the Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory
from January through June 1968; January 1972 (SWRHL-81r).*

DZ. USPHS; "Off-Site Environmental Surveillance Results for CABRIOLET" (Paper presented
to Sub-Committee); February 28, 1968.*

E0. USPHS; "MILKSHAKE Event, Aerial Monitoring and Sampling, March 25, 1968";
August 7, 1969.

E1. USPHS; "MINUTE STEAK Event, Aerial Monitoring and Sampling, September 12, 1969";
September 22, 1969.

E2. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling Report for PIN STRIPE Event of April 25,
1966"; September 30, 1966.

EA. USPHS; "Flight Report -MINK Event -Log of Aerial Cloud Tracking, October 29, 1961"
(Handwritten Report); October 29, 1961.*

EB. Andrews, V. E. (USPHS); "Flight Report -HAYMAKER Event -Log of Aerial Cloud
Tracking, June 27, 1962" (Handwritten Report); June 27, 1962.*

EC. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling Report for ALVA Event -August 19, 1964";
August 19, 1964.*

ED. EG& G; "Nevada Aerial Tracking System Nevada Test Site for DRILL Event, December 5,
1964 (NATS Support of NVOO-NTS Activities, Preliminary Report)"; December 14,
1964.*

EE. Eckrich, P. D. (USPHS); Memo to Chief, EDP/ SWRHL, Subject: PARROT Flight Report -December
16, 1964; December 22, 1964.*

244 235
235 Page 236 237
REFERENCES (Continued)
EF. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling Report for PARROT Event -December 16,
1964"; December 16, 1964.*

EG. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling Report for TEE Event -May 7, 1965";
May 7, 1965.*

EH. USPHS; "Cloud Tracking Support for RED HOT Event -March 5, 1966"; March 1966.*
EI. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling for DOUBLE PLAY Event -June 15, 1966
(Preliminary Report)"; July 29, 1966.*

EJ. USPHS; "Aerial Cloud Tracking and Sampling for DOUBLE PLAY Event, June 15, 1966 -Final
Report"; November 22, 1966.*

EK. USPHS; "Aerial Monitoring and Sampling, Environmental Surveillance, MIDI MIST
Event, June 26, 1967"; June 30, 1967.*

EL. USPHS; "Aerial Monitoring and Sampling, Environmental Surveillance, DOOR MIST
Event, August 31, 1967"; September 5, 1968.*

EM. Hand, J. E. and Weissman, V. F. (EG& G); Nevada Aerial Tracking System [NATS] Event:
DOOR MIST; September 14, 1967 (EGG-1183-1348).*

EN. USPHS; "Aerial Surveillance and Monitoring, HUPMOBILE Event, January 18, 1968
(Preliminary Report)"; January 1968.*

EO. EG& G; "NATS/ ARMS HUPMOBILE Effluent Tracking Summary Report, January 18,
1968"; January 18, 1968.*

EP. EG& G; "NATS/ ARMS Cloud Track and Ground Deposition Summary: CABRIOLET
Event Support, January 18, 1968"; January 1968.*

EQ. USPHS; "Aerial Monitoring and Sampling -POD Event, October 29, 1969"; March 27,
1970.*

ER. USPHS; "Aerial Monitoring and Cloud Tracking -SCUTTLE Event, November 13, 1969
(Handwritten Notes)"; November 13, 1969.*

ES. EG& G; "NATS Tracking Report Summary -SCUTTLE Event, November 13, 1969";
November 25, 1969.*

ET. USPHS; Memo to Project Officer USPHS, Subject: Flight Report -May 5, 1970, MINT
LEAF Event; May 15, 1970.*

EU. EG& G; "Cloud Tracking Mission Summary, Nevada Aerial Tracking Systems [NATS] -DIAGONAL
LINE Event"; November 24, 1971.*

EV. EG& G; "Aerial Radiological Monitoring, Nevada Test Site -FENTON Event, April 23,
1966"; NATS Mission Report No. 8-F-66 (Deleted); May 25, 1966.

245 236
236 Page 237 238
REFERENCES (Continued)
EW. USPHS; "Aerial Sampling Report -DILUTED WATERS Event, June 16, 1965"; June 1965.
EX. USPHS; "Aerial Monitoring and Sampling Report -DIANA MOON Event, August 27,
1968"; November 27, 1968.

EY. USPHS; "Final Report -RED HOT Event, March 5, 1966"; March 1966.
EZ. USPHS; "Final Report of Aerial Monitoring and Sampling for the RUSSET Event,
March 5, 1968"; February 1970.

FA. USPHS; "PIKE Event -Monitoring and Sampling Data Tables"; March 13, 1964.*
FB. USPHS; "Survey Meter Monitoring Logs -PARROT Event"; December 16, 1964.*
FC. USPHS; "Survey Meter Monitoring Logs -TEE Event"; May 7, 1965.*
FD. USPHS; "Survey Meter Monitoring Logs -DERRINGER Event"; September 12, 1966.*
FE. USPHS; "Survey Meter Monitoring Logs -MINT LEAF Event, May 5, 1970"; May 6,
1970.*

FF. USPHS; "PALANQUIN Event -Survey Meter Monitoring Logs"; April 17, 1965.*
G0. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the FENTON Event of April 23,
1966"; June 23, 1966.*

G1. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the CHENA Event of October 10, 1961";
November 15, 1961.*

GA. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the ANTLER Event, September 15, 1961";
November 1, 1961.*

GB. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the MINK Event, Operation Nougat, October 29,
1961"; November 1, 1961.*

GC. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the FEATHER Event, December 22, 1961";
January 29, 1961.*

GD. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the STOAT Event, January 9, 1962"; January 29,
1962.*

GE. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the PAMPAS Event, March 1, 1962, Operation Nougat
II"; April 27, 1962.*

GF. USPHS; "DANNY BOY Report -Interim Off-Site Report of the Event of March 5, 1962 -Operation
Nougat II"; June 22, 1962.*

GG. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the PLATTE Event, April 14, 1962, Operation Nougat
III"; July 3, 1962.*

246 237
237 Page 238 239
REFERENCES (Continued)
GH. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the EEL Event, May 19, 1962, Operation Nougat III";
July 10, 1962.*

GI. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the DES MOINES Event, June 13, 1962, Operation
Nougat III"; August 10, 1962.*

GJ. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the HAYMAKER Event, June 27, 1962, Operation
Nougat III"; July 10, 1962.*

GK. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the JOHNIE BOY Event, July 11, 1962, Operation
Dominic II"; October 25, 1962.*

GL. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the SMALL BOY Event, July 14, 1962, Operation
Dominic II"; November 8, 1962.*

GM. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the LITTLE FELLER I Event, July 17, 1962,
Operation Storax"; September 4, 1962.*

GN. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the WICHITA Event, July 27, 1962, Operation
Storax"; August 15, 1962.*

GO. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the BANDICOOT Event, October 19, 1962, Operation
Storax"; March 6, 1963.*

GP. USPHS; "Project Roller Coaster -DOUBLE TRACKS Event (Interim Report)"; May 15,
1963.*

GQ. USPHS; "Project Roller Coaster -CLEAN SLATE I Event (Interim Report)"; May 25,
1963.*

GR. USPHS; "Project Roller Coaster -CLEAN SLATE II Event (Interim Report)"; May 31,
1963.*

GS. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the YUBA Event, June 5, 1963, Operation Storax";
July 9, 1963.*

GT. USPHS; "Project Roller Coaster -CLEAN SLATE III Event (Interim Report)"; June 9,
1963.*

GU. USPHS; "Interim Off-Site Report of the EAGLE Event, December 12, 1963, Operation
Niblick"; January 31, 1964.*

GV. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the OCONTO Event of January 23,
1964"; August 3, 1964.*

GW. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the ALVA Event of August 19, 1964";
November 6, 1964.*

GX. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the PARROT Event of December 16,
1964"; October 4, 1965.*

247 238
238 Page 239 240
REFERENCES (Continued)
GY. USPHS; "Test Manager's Report for Operation Whetstone"; November 18, 1965
(SWRHL-22r).*

GZ. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the ALPACA Event of February 12,
1965"; August 29, 1966.*

HA. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the Tee Event of May 7, 1965";
November 1, 1965.*

HB. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DILUTED WATERS Event of
June 16, 1965"; November 10, 1965.*

HC. Niles, G. W. (USPHS); Memo to D. L. Wait, USPHS, Subject: Ground Monitoring Results,
DILUTED WATERS Event; June 21, 1965.*

HD. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the RED HOT Event of March 5,
1966"; August 24, 1966.*

HE. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DOUBLE PLAY Event of
June 15, 1966"; July 29, 1966.*

HF. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DERRINGER Event of
September 12, 1966"; December 21, 1966.*

HG. USPHS; "USPHS Record of Off-Site Surveillance for DERRINGER Event, September 12,
1966"; September 12, 1966.*

HH. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the NASH Event of January 19,
1967"; February 24, 1967.*

HI. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the MIDI MIST Event of June 26,
1967"; June 26, 1967.*

HJ. USPHS; "Off-Site Surveillance Information for MIDI MIST Event" (Draft); June 28, 1967.*
HK. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the UMBER Event of June 29, 1967";
December 5, 1967.*

HL. Hartzog, L. D. (USPHS); "USPHS Record of Off-Site Surveillance for DOOR MIST Event,
August 31, 1967"; September 1, 1967.*

HM. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DOOR MIST Event of August 31,
1967"; June 1968.*

HN. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the HUPMOBILE Event of
January 18, 1968"; October 7, 1968.*

HO. Corkern, W. D. (USPHS); "USPHS Record of Off-Site Surveillance, HUPMOBILE Event,
January 18, 1968"; January 22, 1968.*

248 239
239 Page 240 241
REFERENCES (Continued)
HP. USPHS; "Off-Site Surveillance of Releases from the Nevada Test Site, January Through
May 1968"; May 1968.*

HQ. Fort, C. W. (USPHS); "USPHS Record of Off-Site Surveillance, CABRIOLET Event,
January 26, 1968"; January 26, 1968.*

HR. Gotchy, R. L. (EPA); "Project RULISON -Interim Radioactivity Report Intermediate-Rate
Flaring"; February 1971.*

HS. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the POD Event of October 29, 1969";
December 1969.*

HT. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the SNUBBER Event of April 21,
1970"; June 1970.*

HU. USPHS; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the MINT LEAF Event of May 5,
1970"; May 1970.*

HV. Stein, J. L. (USPHS); "USPHS Record of Off-Site Surveillance, MINT LEAF Event,
May 5, 1970"; May 19, 1970.*

HW. EPA; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the DIAGONAL LINE Event of
November 24, 1971"; November 1971.*

HX. McBride, J. R. (EPA); Memo to File, Subject: Events Regarding DIAGONAL LINE on
November 24-25, 1971; December 9, 1971.*

HY. EPA; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the RIOLA Test of September 25, 1980";
September 1980.*

HZ. EPA; "Interim Report of Off-Site Surveillance for the GLENCOE Test of March 22, 1986";
March 1986.*

J0. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2m, FENTON Event; (U) May 31, 1966. Document Classification [CFRD]

J1. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9bx, NOGGIN Event; (U) September 20, 1968. Document Classification
[CFRD]

J2. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: TAPPER
Release; July 11, 1969.

J3. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: UMBER Release;
August 4, 1967.

J4. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: WAGTAIL
Release; May 17, 1965.

249 240
240 Page 241 242
REFERENCES (Continued)
J5. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: PLIERS Release;
October 7, 1969.

J6. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10b,
HANDCAR Event; December 21, 1964.

J7. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: KESTREL
Release; May 17, 1965.

J8. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: MANZANAS
Release; November 6, 1970.

JA. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -TOYAH
Event; March 29, 1963.*

JB. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -CUMBERLAND
Event; April 18, 1963.*

JC. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -KOOTANAI
-PAISANO Events; May 1, 1963.*

JD. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -STONES
Event; May 28, 1963.*

JE. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Supplement to
Interim Report -STONES Event; August 30, 1963.*

JF. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -PLEASANT
Event; June 7, 1963.*

JG. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Supplement to
Interim Report -PLEASANT Event; August 29, 1963.*

JH. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -APSHAPA
Event; June 24, 1963.*

JI. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -KENNEBEC
Event; July 10, 1963.*

JJ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -UE20h, REX Event; (U) May 16, 1966. Document Classification [CFRD]

JK. LASL; Memo to T. L. Shipman, LASL/ H-DO, Subject: Documentation of the Airborne
Radioactivity Released by Underground Nuclear Test Detonations -PEKAN Event;
September 25, 1963.*

JL. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -KOHOCTON
Event; August 27, 1963.*

250 241
241 Page 242 243
REFERENCES (Continued)
JM. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report -TORNILLO
Event; October 29, 1963.*

JN. Browne, C. I. (LASL); Letter to R. E. Miller, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Estimates -Residual
Activity -SHOAL Event; July 28, 1970.*

JO. Meadows, J. and Henderson, R. (LASL); Memo to Distribution, LASL, Subject: Results of
the H-8 Sampling Program for the ANCHOVY Event; January 16, 1964.*

JP. Rich, B. L. and Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim
Report U9at, MUSTANG Event (Deleted); April 16, 1964.*

JQ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -EAGLE
Event (Deleted); April 10, 1964.*

JR. Rich, B. L. and Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim
Report U9ao, FORE Event (Deleted); March 19, 1964.*

JS. Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Memo to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9ay,
OCONTO Event (Deleted); February 17, 1964.*

JT. Rich, B. L. and Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim
Report -U10e -KLICKITAT Event (Deleted); April 1, 1964.*

JU. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: PIKE Drill-Back;
April 20, 1964.*

JV. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: STURGEON
Event; April 20, 1964.*

JW. Rich, B. L. and Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject:
Forty-Eight Hour Post-Drilling Report -U10c, TURF Event; May 1, 1964.*

JX. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10c, TURF
Event (Deleted); June 3, 1964.*

JY. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: PIPEFISH
Release; May 4, 1964.*

JZ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9aw,
BACKSWING Event (Deleted); October 6, 1964.*

KA. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2n, ACE
Event (Deleted); July 6, 1964.*

KB. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9be, FADE
Event (Deleted); July 21, 1964.*

251 242
242 Page 243 244
REFERENCES (Continued)
KC. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10a,
DUB Event (Deleted); September 28, 1964.*

KD. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10i,
BYE Event (Deleted); September 16, 1964.*

KE. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2j,
ALVA Event (Deleted); October 28, 1964.*

KF. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2p,
PAR Event; November 17, 1964.*

KG. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U7a,
FOREST Event (Deleted); November 19, 1964.*

KH. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2q,
CREPE Event (Deleted); January 7, 1965.*

KI. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Forty-Eight Hour
Post-Shot Report -U2ai, DRILL Event; December 7, 1964.*

KJ. Thalgott, R. H. (USAEC/ NVOO); Memo to G. M. Dunning, AEC-HQ/ DOS, Subject:
PARROT and DRILL Events; April 2, 1965.*

KK. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10n,
MUDPACK Event; January 13, 1965.*

KL. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Appendum to Interim
Report -U10n, MUDPACK Event, Dated January 13, 1965; February 10, 1965.*

KM. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bb,
WOOL Event (Deleted); February 2, 1965.*

KN. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2a,
ALPACA Event (Deleted); April 14, 1965.*

KO. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Forty-Eight Hour
Post-Shot Report -U5a, WISHBONE Event (Deleted); February 24, 1965.*

KP. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Forty-Eight Hour
Post-Drilling Report -U5a, WISHBONE Event (Addendum); March 2, 1965.*

KQ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U5a,
WISHBONE Event (Deleted); May 27, 1965.*

KR. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9cb,
CUP Event (Deleted); May 26, 1965.*

KS. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U20k,
PALANQUIN Event (Deleted); October 1, 1965.*

252 243
243 Page 244 245
REFERENCES (Continued)
KT. Burnett, W. D. (SC); Memo to J. J. Neuer, SC/ TGD, Subject: Area 16 Source
Determination and Preliminary Effluent Release Report -H Plus 48 Hours; April 23, 1965.*

KU. Burnett, W. D. (SC); Memo to J. J. Neuer, SC/ TGD, Subject: Effluent Documentation for
the GUMDROP Event -Final Report; April 30, 1965.*

KV. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ab,
TEE Event (Deleted); August 6, 1965.*

KW. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bn,
TWEED Event (Deleted); August 10, 1965.*

KX. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to M. Colvin, SC, Subject: TINY TOT, U15e, Source
Determination and Effluent Release Report, H Plus 48 Hours (Enclosure -Postshot
Laboratory Report, REECo, June 18, 1965); June 19, 1965.*

KY. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, SC, Subject: Effluent Documentation of TINY
TOT Event (Enclosure -Interim Laboratory Report, REECo, July 27, 1965); November 9,
1965.*

KZ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ak,
CENTAUR Event (Deleted); November 4, 1965.*

L0. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to J. A. Bower, SC/ TGD, Subject: Release Estimate for U11c,
NEW POINT; December 15, 1966.*

L1. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10af, YARD Event (Deleted); October 25, 1967.*

L2. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to D. C. Oakley, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U7ak, ESROM Event; August 8, 1978.

L3. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: PARROT
Release (Deleted); February 10, 1965.*

L4. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U16a. 02,
GUMDROP Event; September 14, 1965.

L5. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9az, TINDERBOX Event; March 4, 1969.

LA. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bs,
ELKHART Event (Deleted); November 10, 1965.*

LB. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10k,
CORDUROY Event (Deleted); January 13, 1966.*

LC. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2al, EMERSON Event (Deleted); January 11, 1966.*

253 244
244 Page 245 246
REFERENCES (Continued)
LD. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U9br, MAXWELL Event (Deleted); February 11, 1966.*

LE. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2r, PLAID II Event (Deleted); March 8, 1966.*

LF. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U9ce, CLYMER Event (Deleted); May 4, 1966.*

LG. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U9ht, TEMPLAR Event (Deleted); May 3, 1966.*

LH. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2ca, STUTZ Event (Deleted); May 27, 1966.*

LI. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2bv, PORTULACA Event; (U) December 5, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

LJ. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U20a, DURYEA Event; May 25, 1966.*

LK. Weart, W. D. (SC); "Results of the PIN STRIPE Post Shot Re-Entry Program"; October 10,
1966.*

LL. Wenz, G. R. (SC); Effluent Release Documentation of the PIN STRIPE Event (Deleted);
December 1, 1967 (RS 3312/ 71).*

LM. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2cd, TRAVELLER Event (Deleted); June 13, 1966.*

LN. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2an, TAPESTRY Event (Deleted); August 12, 1966.*

LO. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2t, DUMONT Event (Deleted); July 20, 1966.*

LP. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Letter to Distribution, SC, Subject: PILE DRIVER Effluent
Documentation, U15a; November 9, 1967.*

LQ. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10p, KANKAKEE Event (Deleted); July 26, 1966.*

LR. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to J. J. Neuer, DASA/ TOB/ WTD, Subject: Final Estimates of
Effluent Release from U16a -DOUBLE PLAY (Enclosure -DOUBLE PLAY Event, U16a,
Interim Laboratory Report, REECo, 9/ 12/ 66); September 21, 1966.*

LS. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2bd, VULCAN Event; August 18, 1966.*

254 245
245 Page 246 247
REFERENCES (Continued)
LT. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2cc, SAXON Event (Deleted); August 25, 1966.*

LU. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10s, ROVENA Event (Deleted); September 16, 1966.*

LV. King, W. C. (LRL) Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Correction to Health &
Safety Interim Report -U10s, ROVENA Event; October 10, 1966.*

LW. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to R. M. Tidwell, SC, Subject: Area U5i Source Determination
and Effluent Release Report (Enclosure -DERRINGER Event, U5i, Interim Laboratory
Report, REECo, 10/ 5/ 66) September 19, 1966.*

LX. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10u, NEWARK Event (Deleted) ; January 9, 1967.*

LY. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10w, SIMMS Event (Deleted); January 4, 1967.*

LZ. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U9al, AJAX Event (Deleted); January 17, 1967.*

M0. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2ce, NASH Event (Deleted); March 31, 1967.*

M1. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10y, RIVET III Event (Deleted); April 26, 1967.*

M2. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2am, COMMODORE Event; July 19, 1967.*

M3. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U20d, KNICKERBOCKER Event; August 17, 1967.*

M4. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U9bv, SWITCH Event (Deleted); September 21, 1967.*

M5. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Estimate of Filtered Effluent Release
from Ventilation System of U12n MIDI MIST; October 19, 1967.*

M6. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10q, STANLEY Event (Deleted); September 20, 1967.*

M7. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10r, WASHER Event (Deleted); September 19, 1967.*

M8. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); "Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for DOOR
MIST, U12g. 07"; February 12, 1968.*

255 246
246 Page 247 248
REFERENCES (Continued)
M9. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for DOOR
MIST, U12g. 07; April 3, 1968.*

MA. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for ALVA Event"; April 2, 1973.*
MB. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for PARROT Event"; April 3, 1973.*
MC. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for ALPACA Event"; March 14, 1973.*
MD. USAEC/ NVOO; "Event Summary Sheet for WISHBONE Event"; February 18, 1965.*
ME. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for DILUTED WATERS Event"; March 15, 1973.*
MF. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for EMERSON Event"; March 15, 1973.*
MG. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for PLAID II Event"; March 14, 1973.*
MH. USAEC/ NVO; "Event Summary Sheet for TYG Event"; April 2, 1973.*
N0. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10ds, MARVEL Event; December 6, 1967.*

N1. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2x, LANPHER Event (Deleted); December 14, 1967.*

N2. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2y, HUPMOBILE Event (Deleted); March 28, 1968.*

N3. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10ah, STACCATO Event (Deleted); February 20, 1968.*

N4. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2at, KNOX Event (Deleted); April 4, 1968.*

N5. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10t, SHUFFLE Event (Deleted); June 4, 1968.*

N6. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10aj, TUB Event (Deleted); September 4, 1968.*

N7. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2dt, TANYA Event (Deleted); September 10, 1968.*

N8. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for DIANA
MOON, U11e; September 9, 1968.*

N9. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2cm, STODDARD Event (Deleted); November 11, 1968.*

NA. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2dc, TYG Event (Deleted); March 10, 1969.*

256 247
247 Page 248 249
REFERENCES (Continued)
NB. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2u, PACKARD Event (Deleted); June 10, 1969.*

NC. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2de, COFFER Event (Deleted); June 25, 1969.*

ND. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2df, HUTCH Event (Deleted); October 27, 1969.*

NE. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2bp, SPIDER Event (Deleted); October 29, 1969.*

NF. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for U11f,
MINUTE STEAK; October 13, 1969.*

NG. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U20b, PIPKIN Event (Deleted); December 18, 1969.*

NH. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2ch, POD Event (Deleted); February 10, 1970.*

NI. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2bh, SCUTTLE Event (Deleted); January 21, 1970.*

NJ. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U9hi, TERRINE Event (Deleted); February 5, 1970.*

NK. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U8b, CYATHUS Event (Deleted); June 3, 1970.*

NL. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U9ITS, HOD Event (Deleted); June 22, 1970.*

NM. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2az, FLASK Event (Deleted); October 16, 1970.*

NN. Tucker, G. E. (SL); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for U12e. 12 -HUDSON
MOON; October 26, 1970.*

NO. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2dd, ARNICA Event (Deleted); September 15, 1970.*

NP. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2dg, CARPETBAG Event; March 12, 1971.*

NQ. Ide, R. (LRL); Memo to Distribution, Subject: BANEBERRY Release -Revised
Evaluation (Deleted); May 26, 1971.*

NR. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2br,
HAREBELL Event (Deleted); October 20, 1971.*

257 248
248 Page 249 250
REFERENCES (Continued)
NS. Metcalf, J. H. (SL); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for U12g. 10 -CAMPHOR;
August 19, 1971.*

NT. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2bu,
MINIATA Event; October 27, 1971.*

NU. Metcalf, J. H. (SL); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for U12g. 11 -DIAGONAL
LINE; January 13, 1972.*

NV. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2dk,
ZINNIA Event (Deleted); August 14, 1972.*

NW. Scolman, T. T. (LASL); Letter to Site Manager, NTSO, Subject: Activity Released from
ANGUS Event -Final Report (August 2, 1973); August 2, 1973.*

NX. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to D. C. Oakley, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2dv, FALLON Event (Deleted); August 7, 1978.*

NY. Rarrick, H. L. (SC); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Documentation Report for the
RED HOT Event (Deleted); November 13, 1967.*

NZ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2dr, CABRILLO Event; (U) December 12, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

O0. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2ei, COULOMMIERS Event; (U) December 15, 1980. Document Classification
[CFRD]

O1. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2fa, FARALLONES Event; (U) December 9, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

O2. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2en,
REBLOCHEN Event; April 20, 1979.

O3. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2fb, QUARGEL Event; (U) January 26, 1984. Document Classification [CFRD]

O4. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2eo, KLOSTER Event; (U) February 1, 1984. Document Classification [CFRD]

O5. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2fd, TARKO Event; (U) October 3, 1986. Document Classification [CFRD]

O6. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2cp, CABOC Event; (U) September 30, 1987. Document Classification [CFRD]

O7. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Postshot
Drilling Report -U20ah, GIBNE Event; May 17, 1982.

258 249
249 Page 250 251
REFERENCES (Continued)
O8. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U4aj, MONTEREY Event; August 25, 1982.

O9. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2dz, BANON Event; (U) December 5, 1980. Document Classification [SRD]

OA. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2et, CHEEDAM Event; (U) May 28, 1986. Document Classification [CFRD]

OB. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9cs, ARMADA Event; (U) May 19, 1986. Document Classification [CFRD]

OC. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U2fe, CROWDIE Event; June 16, 1983.

OD. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U2ff, LABAN Event; September 12, 1983.

OE. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2el, MARSILLY Event; (U) November 12, 1982. Document Classification [CFRD]

OF. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2ex, ROMANO Event; (U) September 25, 1987. Document Classification [CFRD]

OG. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U2ev, AGRINI Event; December 21, 1984.

OH. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Memo to L. R. Draper, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U4ar, BRETON Event; (U) January 11, 1988. Document Classification [CFRD]

OI. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U20ai, JEFFERSON Event; May 16, 1986.

OJ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U2qb, PANAMINT Event; May 30, 1986.

OK. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U20as, BELMONT Event; October 27, 1986.

OL. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling Report -U20ap, BODIE Event; January 9, 1987.

OM. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memo to Distribution, LLNL, Subject: Radioactive Seep at
BODIE -U20ap; September 23, 1987.

ON. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Memo to J. C. Behne, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Postshot
Drilling Report -U2ge, BORATE Event; November 11, 1987.

OO. Evarts, R. B. (LLNL); Memo to C. Olsen, LLNL, Subject: Revised Summary of AGRINI
Release Calculations; November 20, 1984.

259 250
250 Page 251 252
REFERENCES (Continued)
OP. Smale, R. F. (LLNL); Letter to C. R. Schoengold, REECo; Subject: Reference Documents
to Substantiate Effluent Release Data for LANL Events; June 1, 1989.

OQ. Dummer, J. E. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: Activity Released from
BOUSCHET (U3LA)--Final Report; July 12, 1982.

OR. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: Activity Released from
PANCHUELA (U3MG)--Final Report; August 4, 1987.

OS. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: Activity Released from
LOCKNEY (U19AQ)--Final Report; March 2, 1988.

OT. NVO-CP-1; Twx to Dir OMA USDOE et. al., Subject: D-Day Post Test Report for
BORATE; October 23, 1987.

OU. NVO-CP-1; Twx to Dir OMA USDOE et. al., Subject: D-Day Post Test Report for
SCHELLBOURNE; May 13, 1988.

OV. NVO-CP-1; Twx to Dir OMA USDOE et. al., Subject: D-Day Post Test Report for
BULLFROG; August 30, 1988.

OW. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide, et. al., LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U8k, VIDE Event; (U) January 29, 1985. Document Classification [CFRD]

OX. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ai,
DRILL Event; (U) January 8, 1965. Document Classification [SFRD]

OY. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SAZERAC
Release; November 21, 1967.

OZ. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SCREAMER
Release; November 10, 1965.

PA. DoD/ LASL; "The RED HOT Stemming Failure" (Deleted); July 21, 1966.*
PB. Murphey, B. F. (SC); Letter to W. W. Allaire, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Scientific Advisor's
Report on PIN STRIPE; May 19, 1966.*

Q0. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Memo to L. R. Draper, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10be, ORKNEY Event; (U) October 23, 1987. Document Classification [CFRD]

Q1. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman and D. D. Simms, LLNL, Subject: Health &
Safety Postshot Drilling Report U10be, ORKNEY Event; May 11, 1984.

Q2. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: Activity Released from
ABO (U3MC)--Final Report; December 4, 1985.

Q3. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2bz,
WALLER Event; (U) March 12, 1979. Document Classification [CFRD]

260 251
251 Page 252 253
REFERENCES (Continued)
QA. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10m, REO Event; (U) March 30, 1966. Document Classification [CFRD]

QB. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2bm, LEXINGTON Event; (U) November 14, 1967. Document Classification
[CFRD]

QC. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10ai, POLKA Event; (U) January 16, 1968. Document Classification [CFRD]

QD. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U10am TUN Event; (U) March 11, 1970. Document Classification [CFRD]

QE. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle and F. O. Beane, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health &
Safety Final Report -SCREE Event (deleted) (U); January 12, 1971. Document
Classification [CFRD]

QF. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane and R. H. Ide, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety
Final Report -U9ci, ARSENATE Event; (U) May 4, 1973. Document Classification
[CNSI]

QI. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Letter to C. R. Schoengold, REECo, Subject: Documentation on
Unannounced LANL Events; June 1, 1989.

QJ. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to D. C. Oakley and R. S. Guido, LLL, Subject: Health &
Safety Final Report -U2ea, SEAFOAM Event; July 10, 1978.

QK. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U10as,
PINEDROPS Event; (U) March 21, 1979. Document Classification [CFRD]

QL. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to D. C. Oakley and R. S. Guido, LLL, Subject: Health &
Safety Final Report -U2bx, HULSEA Event; (U) July 10, 1978. Document classified.

QM. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2ds,
GROVE Event; (U) March 12, 1979. Document Classification [CFRD]

QN. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2dw,
CRESTLAKE Event; (U) October 25, 1979. Document Classification [SRD]

QO. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U4aa,
TRUMBULL Event; (U) February 28, 1979. Document Classification [SRD]

QP. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U4ab, TEMESCAL Event; (U) September 11, 1981. Document Classification [SRD]

QQ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U10bb, PORTOLA Event; (U) December 12, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

261 252
252 Page 253 254
REFERENCES (Continued)
QR. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Subject: Activity Released from
BILGE (U3kc)--Final Report; May 12, 1975.

QS. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to J. C. Hopkins, LASL, Subject: Activity Released from
SHALLOWS (U3jf)--Final Report; May 19, 1976.

QT. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2eg,
RIVOLI Event; (U) May 4, 1979. Document Classification [CFRD]

QU. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U10ba, DOFINO Event; (U) December 12, 1980. Document Classification [CFRD]

QV. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U4af, CARNELIAN Event; (U) April 9, 1982. Document Classification [SRD]

QW. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to J. Toman, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U9cg,
GRUYERE Event (deleted); (U) March 12, 1979. Document Classification [CFRD]

QX. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to D. C. Oakley and R. S. Guido, LLL, Subject: Health &
Safety Drilling Report -U9cg, GRUYERE Event; (U) September 13, 1979. Document
Classification [CNSI]

QY. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to J. Toman, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2ao, FLOTOST Event; (U) December 1, 1982. Document Classification [CFRD]

QZ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. W. Kuckuck and R. H. Ide, LLNL, Subject: Health &
Safety Final Report -U4ah, KARAB Event; (U) October 23, 1984. Document
Classification [CFRD]

RA. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BERNAL Event"; February 5,
1975.

RB. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for ESCABOSA Event"; February 5,
1975.

RC. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release (Drillback) Report Sheets for PUYE Event";
February 5, 1975.

RD. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release (Cementback) Report Sheet for PUYE Event";
February 5, 1975.

RE. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BILLET Event"; January 27,
1977.

RF. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BOBSTAY Event"; February 15,
1978.

RG. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheets for TARKO Event"; March 2,
1981.

262 253
253 Page 254 255
REFERENCES (Continued)
RH. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for FLORA Event"; January 13, 1981.
RI. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for VERDELLO Event"; January 13,
1981.

RJ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for RIOLA Event"; March 18,
1982.

RK. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MINERS IRON Event"; February
11, 1981.

RL. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for VIDE Event"; March 18, 1982.
RM. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheets for ISLAY Event"; March 22,
1982.

RN. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for TREBBINO Event"; February 28,
1982.

RO. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for CABOC Event"; March 22,
1982.

RP. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for GIBNE Event"; March 24,
1983.

RQ. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BOUSCHET Event"; February
25, 1983.

RS. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for HURON LANDING Event";
January 21, 1983.

RT. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for FRISCO Event"; March 24,
1983.

RU. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for CHEEDAM Event"; March 9,
1984.

RV. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for TURQUOISE Event"; January 9,
1984.

RW. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for ARMADA Event"; March 9,
1984.

RX. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for CROWDIE Event"; March 9,
1984.

RY. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MINI JADE Event"; March 22,
1984.

263 254
254 Page 255 256
REFERENCES (Continued)
RZ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for DANABLU Event"; March 9,
1984.

S0. Henderson, R. W. (LANL); Letter to T. Watanabe, EGG/ WRO, Subject: Effluent
Information (EIS) and Onsite Discharge Information (ODIS) for CY-1991; January 29,
1992.

S1. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to J. B. Hall, DOE/ NV/ TDB, Subject: Effluent Discharge
from DNA Activities at the NTS During Calendar Year 1991; March 9, 1992.

S2. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to D. R. Elle, DOE/ NV/ EPD, Subject: Effluent Discharge
from DNA Activities at the NTS During Calendar Year 1992; March 18, 1992.

SA. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheets for LABAN Event"; March 9,
1984.

SB. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for ROMANO Event"; March 9,
1984.

SC. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheets for GORBEA Event"; March 18,
1985.

SD. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for AGRINI Event"; March 18,
1985.

SE. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for TIERRA Event"; February 6,
1986.

SF. Buchanan, R. B. (LASL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for VAUGHN Event"; February
5, 1986.

SG. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MISTY RAIN Event"; February
11, 1986.

SH. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for SALUT Event"; February 6,
1986.

SI. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for VILLE Event"; February 6,
1986.

SJ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MARIBO Event"; February 6,
1986.

SK. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for SERENA Event"; February 6,
1986.

SL. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MILL YARD and DIAMOND
BEECH Events"; February 10, 1986.

264 255
255 Page 256 257
REFERENCES (Continued)
SM. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for GLENCOE Event"; January 8,
1987.

SN. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for JEFFERSON Event"; March 7,
1987.

SO. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for PANAMINT Event"; March 7,
1987.

SP. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for CYBAR Event"; January 8, 1987.
SQ. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BELMONT Event"; March 4,
1987.

SR. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BODIE Event"; March 4, 1987.
SS. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheets for BRETON Event"; March 18,
1985.

ST. Smale, R. F. (LASL); Memo to R. H. Campbell, LASL, Subject: Effluent Data Package
(Enclosure: Synopsis of Effluent Releases Reported to NVO CY-1971 through CY-1974);
June 15, 1976.

SU. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LASL, Subject: Effluent Releases at NTS
CY-1977; February 8, 1978.

SV. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: NTS Effluent Releases
Calendar Year 1986.

SW. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LASL, Subject: Effluent Releases at NTS
FY-1978; March 29, 1979.

SX. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Letter to J. D. Stewart, ERDA/ OSD, Subject: Effluent Data
Sheets; February 6, 1975.

SY. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LASL, Subject: Effluent Releases at NTS
CY-1976; January 24, 1977.

SZ. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Letter to P. J. Mudra, AEC/ OSD, Subject: Effluent Data Sheets;
February 27, 1974.

T0. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to D. R. Elle, DOE/ NV/ ESTB, Subject: Effluent Discharge
from DNA Activities at the NTS During Calendar Year 1989; February 15, 1990.

T1. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Letter to J. B. Hall, DOE/ NV/ EPD, Subject: Annual Summary for
Liquid and Airborne Radioactive Effluent; March 16, 1990.

T2. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memo to M. T. Moran, LLNL, Subject: U4at Postshot Drilling
Operations Release; June 7, 1989.

265 256
256 Page 257 258
REFERENCES (Continued)
T3. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memo to Distribution, LLNL, Subject: Radioactive Seep at
BARNWELL -U20az; August 23, 1990.

T4. Oswald, K. M. (LLNL); Memo to R. H. Ide/ J. C. Behne, LLNL, Subject: Health & Safety
Postshot Drilling and Gas Sampling Report -U4q, CAPROCK (LANL); August 14, 1984.

T5. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); Memo to Distribution, LLNL, Subject: LABQUARK Radioactive
Seep; November 23, 1987.

T6. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Letter to J. B. Hall, DOE/ NV/ EPD, Subject: Annual Summary for
Liquid and Airborne Radioactive Effluent; January 17, 1991.

T7. Henderson, R. W. (LANL); Letter to T. Watanabe, EGG/ WRO, Subject: Effluent
Information (EIS) and Onsite Discharge Information (ODIS) for CY-1990; February 26,
1991.

T8. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); Letter to J. B. Hall, DOE/ NV/ EPD, Subject: Effluent Discharge from
DNA Activities at the NTS During Calendar Year 1990; March 6, 1991.

T9. Henderson, R. W. (LANL); Letter to V. C. Randall, EGG/ ETS, Subject: Effluent
Information (EIS) and Onsite Discharge Information (ODIS) for CY-1992; February 18,
1993.

TA. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LASL, Subject: Effluent Releases at NTS
CY-1975; February 23, 1976.

TB. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Letter to P. Dunaway, ERDA/ BSD, Subject: Effluent Data Sheets;
February 19, 1976.

TC. Haynie, J. S. (LASL); Memo to File -Cementback Evaluations, NTS, LASL, Subject:
Summary of 1st Quarter 1976 Cementbacks; March 30, 1976.

TD. Valentine, A. M. (LANL); Letter to P. K. Fitzsimmons, DOE/ NV/ HPD, Subject: Effluent
Data Sheets; February 5, 1986.

TE. Dummer, J. E. (LASL); Letter to P. Dunaway, ERDA/ BSD, Subject: Effluent Data Sheets;
January 24, 1977.

TF. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for PANAMINT Event"; January
7, 1988.

TG. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for CORNUCOPIA Event";
January 7, 1988.

TH. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BELMONT Event"; January 7,
1988.

TI. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for GASCON Event"; January 7,
1988.

266 257
257 Page 258 259
REFERENCES (Continued)
TJ. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BODIE Event"; January 7,
1988.

TK. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for HAZEBROOK Event";
January 7, 1988.

TL. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for HARDIN Event"; January 7,
1988.

TM. Metcalf, J. H. (SNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for MISSION GHOST Event";
February 5, 1988.

TN. Smale, R. F. (LANL); Memo to T. T. Scolman, LANL, Subject: NTS Effluent Releases,
Calendar Year 1987; January 25, 1988.

TO. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for PANCHUELA Event"; January
20, 1988.

TP. Smale, R. F. (LANL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for LOCKNEY Event"; January 20,
1988.

TQ. Raschke, K. E. (LLNL); "Effluent Release Report Sheet for BORATE Event"; January 7,
1988.

TR. Moran, M. T. (LLNL); Letter to P. K. Fitzsimmons, DOE/ NV/ HPD, Subject: Annual
Summary for Liquid and Airborne Radioactive Effluent; January 18, 1989.

TS. Jordan, H. S. (LASL); Memo to R. W. Newman, LASL, Subject: BARSAC (U3gc) Air
Sampler Results -Intermediate Report; March 25, 1969.

TT. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: BLENTON
Release; July 23, 1969.

TU. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: BRONZE
Release; September 9, 1965.

TV. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Revision to
CANVASBACK Release Letter JR: N-393; December 1, 1964.

TW. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ad,
CASHMERE Event; (U) February 26, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

TX. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: CERISE Release;
December 12, 1966.

TY. Olsen, J. L. (LRL); Letter to J. E. Reeves, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Venting of
CLEARWATER Event During Drillback Operations; November 19, 1963.

TZ. Tucker, G. E. (SL); Memo to Distribution, Subject: Effluent Release Report for U16a. 05 -DIAMOND
DUST; October 1, 1970.

267 258
258 Page 259 260
REFERENCES (Continued)
U0. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Report -U9ITS
CREAM Event (deleted) (U); May 18, 1971. Document Classification [CFRD]

U1. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9au,
BOGEY Event; (U) April 30, 1964. Document Classification [C]

U2. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U10aq,
BRACKEN Event; (U) October 6, 1971. Document Classification [CFRD]

U3. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: BRUSH Event;
(U) April 26, 1968. Document Classification [C]

U4. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9bb,
BUNKER Event; (U) February 21, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

U5. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2bn, CHATTY Event; (U) July 15, 1969. Document Classification [CFRD]

U6. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bg,
CHENILLE Event; (U) May 25, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

U7. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2aa, CLUB
Event; (U) May 15, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

U8. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10ak, CROCK Event; (U) June 26, 1968. Document Classification [CFRD]

U9. Beane, F. O. (LLL); Memo to F. D. Cluff, LLL, Subject: Post-Shot Gas Sampling
Operations for the DIANTHUS Event; (U) June 8, 1972. Document Classification [CRD]

UA. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10ag, WORTH Event; (U) November 30, 1967. Document Classification
[CFRD]

UB. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ar,
DRIVER Event; (U) May 21, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UC. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U10ds,
DUFFER Event; (U) July 6, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UD. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9ap, RACK Event; (U) September 30, 1968. Document Classification [CFRD]

UE. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10z, RIVET II Event; (U) April 3, 1967. Document Classification [CFRD]

UF. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2dh,
SAPPHO Event (deleted) (U); August 11, 1972. Document Classification [CFRD]

268 259
259 Page 260 261
REFERENCES (Continued)
UG. Scolman, T. T. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SEAWEED "C",
"D", and "E" Events Release (U); January 14, 1970. Document Classification [SNSI]

UH. Scolman, T. T. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SEAWEED "B"
Release (U); January 14, 1970. Document Classification [CNSI]

UI. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bm,
SEERSUCKER Event (U); March 15, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

UJ. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SEVILLA
Release (U); July 31, 1968. Document Classification [CNSI]

UK. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SIDECAR
Release (U); January 10, 1967. Document Classification [CFRD]

UL. Campbell, R. H. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: SIENNA Release
(U); February 14, 1966. Document Classification [CFRD]

UM. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U9w-
24.5, SOLANUM Event (U); August 31, 1973. Document Classification [SRD]

UN. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Preliminary Data
Radioactivity Release SOLENDON Event (U); February 18, 1964. Document
Classification [CFRD]

UO. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bd,
SPOON Event (U); October 12, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UP. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bk,
SUEDE Event (U); May 6, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

UQ. King, W. C. (LRL); Letter to O. H. Roehlk, AEC/ NVO/ OSD, Subject: Interim Report,
NARRAGAUGUS Event (U); October 29, 1963. Document Classification [CFRD]

UR. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9ba,
HANDICAP Event (U); April 1, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

US. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9bc,
HOOK Event (U); April 24, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UT. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: Interim Report -U9ax,
GREYS Event (U); April 30, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UU. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to J. L. Olsen, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bf, LINKS
Event (U); August 11, 1964. Document Classification [CFRD]

UV. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2ay-1, -2, -3, YANNIGAN Event (Deleted); August 7, 1970.

269 260
260 Page 261 262
REFERENCES (Continued)
UW. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bo,
ORGANDY Event (U); July 26, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

UX. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2ah,
PONGEE Event (U); August 24, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

UY. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U9bp,
IZZER Event (U); September 8, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

UZ. King. W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2be, NOOR and U2bg, THROW Events (U); June 4, 1968. Document
Classification [CFRD]

V0. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2bj,
TICKING Event (U); October 4, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

V1. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Interim Report -U2c,
KERMIT Event (U); December 14, 1965. Document Classification [CFRD]

V2. Rich, B. L. (LRL); Memo to W. R. Woodruff, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2ah, PONGEE Event (U); February 4, 1966. Document Classification [CFRD]

V3. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U10ad, VIGIL Event (U); February 15, 1967. Document Classification [CFRD]

V4. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: MUSHROOM
Release (U); March 29, 1967. Document Classification [CNSI]

V5. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2bi, OAKLAND Event (U); May 26, 1967. Document Classification [CFRD]

V6. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Interim
Report -U2cg, HEILMAN Event (U); June 13, 1967. Document Classification [CFRD]

V7. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: GILROY Release
(U); September 27, 1967. Document Classification [CNSI]

V8. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: FUNNEL
Release (U); August 26, 1968. Document Classification [CNSI]

V9. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2bj, IMP Event (U); November 4, 1968. Document Classification [CFRD]

VA. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9bu, HULA Event (U); January 15, 1969. Document Classification [CFRD]

VB. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to C. E. Williams, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U9by, VALISE Event (U); April 8, 1969. Document Classification [CNSI]

270 261
261 Page 262 263
REFERENCES (Continued)
VC. Newman, R. W. (LASL); Letter to R. H. Thalgott, AEC/ NVOO, Subject: IPECAC "A" and
IPECAC "B" Release (Deleted) (U); July 11, 1969. Document Classification [CNSI]

VD. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U2bq, 1-2, KYACK Event (Deleted) (U); December 4, 1969. Document Classification
[CFRD]

VE. King, W. C. (LRL); Memo to P. E. Coyle, UC/ LRL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report
-U9ITS, AA-25, X-27, and Y-30, PITON Event (Deleted) (U); August 13, 1970.
Document Classification [CFRD]

VF. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2dh
#3, KARA Event (U); August 14, 1972. Document Classification [CFRD]

VG. King, W. C. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane, LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final Report -U2dn,
MERIDA Event (U); August 18, 1972. Document Classification [CFRD]

VH. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane et. al., LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U2do, GAZOOK Event (U); November 7, 1973. Document Classification [CFRD]

VI. Oswald, K. M. (LLL); Memo to F. O. Beane et. al., LLL, Subject: Health & Safety Final
Report -U10av, KASHAN Event (U); May 29, 1974. Document Classification [CFRD]

VJ. Lesses, E. D. (LLNL); Memo to M. T. Moran, LLNL, Subject: Postshot Ventline Release -SCHELLBOURNE,
U2gf; June 7, 1988.

VK. Lesses, E. D. (LLNL); Memo to M. T. Moran, LLNL, Subject: Postshot Ventline Release -BULLFROG,
U4au; September 12, 1988.

271 262
262 Page 263 264
GLOSSARY
Activity The rate of decay of radioactive material expressed as the number of nuclear disintegrations per second (See curie).
Background Radiation Radiation arising from radioactive material other than the one directly under consideration. Background radiation due to cosmic rays and
natural radioactivity is always present.
Beta Particle Charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an atom as part of the decay process, with a mass and charge equal in magnitude to that of

the electron.
Cementback Operation whereby the drill hole is sealed with a plug and cemented to the surface.

Controlled Release A planned, filtered release frequently performed to reduce airborne radiation levels in the working environment.
Cable Pull Recovery of a cable placed near a nuclear explosion. The cable ran to the surface and was pulled free shortly after zero time. The debris
captured on the bottom end of the cable was analyzed to assess device performance.

Catcher Pull Recovery of a debris catcher, placed near a nuclear explosive, by pulling on the attached cable and thus returning the catcher to the
ground surface. This operation is usually accomplished within minutes to hours of zero time.

Crater A nuclear device placed shallow enough underground to produce a throw-out of earth when exploded.
Curie (Ci) A unit of activity where 1 curie is defined as 3.7 x 10 10 disintegrations per second.
Detonation A single nuclear device explosion; one or more comprise a test.
Drillback Directional drilling operation, performed after the test activities have ceased, to sample fission product materials in the test cavity.

Exposure Rate A measure of the ionization produced in air by x or gamma radiation per unit of time (frequently expressed in R/ hr or mR/ hr).
Gamma High energy electromagnetic radiations produced during the disintegration of radioactive elements.
Gas Sampling Operation usually performed after test activities have ceased to determine levels of noble gases present.
Gross Beta Measure of the total beta activity.
H Hour Detonation time (zero hour), the time the device was detonated.

272 263
263 Page 264 265
GLOSSARY (Continued)
Intermediate The nomenclature for test yields varied according to information policy governing specific years. From 1945 through 1963,
"Intermediate" referred to test yields from 20 to 200 kt.
Isotopes Forms of the same element having the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

Joint US-UK A nuclear test conducted jointly by the United States and the United Kingdom under a cooperative agreement in effect between the two
countries since August 4, 1958.
kt A kiloton. The energy of a nuclear explosion that is equivalent to an explosion of 1,000 tons of TNT.

Late-Time Seepage A slow release of gases from test detonation sites, that could exist from a few hours to even weeks after all other operations in the area
have ceas